In the principle of magnetic power generation, the thermoelectromotive force is proportional to the temperature difference and the magnitude of magnetization. Scientists previously believed that only ferromagnetic materials with strong magnetic properties will cause this phenomenon. Recently, a research team at the University of Tokyo in Japan discovered that there is also a huge spontaneous thermo-electromotive force effect in antiferromagnetic manganese alloys. This discovery makes it possible to apply thermal power generation of magnetic materials.
The method of generating electricity directly from heat is called thermal power generation. Such as the use of waste heat generated by automobile engines, computer servers, etc.; or the use of thermal energy such as hot springs, solar energy, and geothermal power to generate electricity. The thermoelectric conversion element can convert thermal energy into electrical energy. The basic principle is that there is an electromotive force generated at both ends of a material having a temperature difference. Using the power generation device developed by this principle, the greater the temperature difference, the greater the amount of electricity generated. Because there is no extra moving parts, the power generation device can also achieve a small size and long life.
The power generation elements currently used are non-magnetic semiconductor materials. Since the direction of temperature difference and the extraction direction of the electromotive force are the same, large-scale three-dimensional structures have to be made, leading to complex equipment manufacturing engineering and cost surges. With a thermoelectric element using a magnetic material, the temperature difference and the magnetization and the electromotive force are perpendicular to each other, so that the original structure of the thermoelectromotive force can be designed to be relatively simple. Manganese alloy consists of inexpensive non-toxic elements, easy to crystal growth, is a more practical material.
This time, the research team broke the rules and discovered for the first time antiferromagnetic magnetization with 1% or less of magnetization. It has an immense thermo-electromotive force effect that is equal to or greater than that of ferromagnetism. The principle of using the magnetic properties of matter is different from the principle of temperature difference in the past. . Hitherto, thermoelectric materials using ferromagnetic materials have been considered to be impossible to achieve high integration due to the effects of magnetic flux leakage. The anti-ferromagnetic overall spin has almost no magnetic flux leakage, making it possible to achieve high integration and high output that was previously considered impossible.
This achievement was recently published online in Nature Physics. The research team will continue to study antiferromagnetic components in the future to find substances that are more suitable for high thermal EMF. (Reporter Chen Chao)
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