Fire elevators are designed with specific safety requirements to ensure they function effectively during emergencies. One key feature is the presence of an anteroom, which serves as a buffer zone between the elevator and the rest of the building. For residential buildings, the anteroom area should be at least 4.5 square meters, while for public buildings and high-rise structures like libraries, it must be more than 6 square meters. When the fire elevator's anteroom is combined with a smoke-proof stairwell, the required area increases to over 6 square meters in residential settings and over 10 square meters in public or high-rise buildings.
The anteroom must be equipped with a Class B fire-rated door or a fire shutter that can remain closed. This helps prevent the spread of smoke and fire. Inside the fire elevator car, there should be a dedicated fire telephone to allow communication with emergency personnel. On the first floor, there is usually a special button for firefighters, often protected by a glass panel and clearly marked with a red "Fire Only" label to distinguish it from regular controls.
In case of a power failure, non-fire elevators will stop operating, but the fire elevator should continue to have lighting to ensure visibility. Additionally, an indoor fire hydrant is typically installed in the anteroom for quick access during a fire.
If the elevator is activated by the fire control center or a firefighter’s dedicated button on the first floor, it should respond accordingly. If the elevator is moving upwards, it will stop at the nearest floor, close the doors, and return to the ground floor before opening automatically. If it is moving downward, it will close the doors and return to the first floor. If already on the first floor, it will open immediately and enter firefighter-only mode.
All floor call buttons are disabled once the elevator enters fire mode, and any existing calls are canceled. The control panel inside the elevator is re-enabled for firefighter use, and the door closing button does not have a self-holding function, ensuring the doors stay open when needed.
These features make fire elevators essential tools in high-risk buildings, allowing firefighters to reach upper floors quickly and safely during emergencies.
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