Short fiber-rubber composites are widely used in the rubber industry due to their ability to significantly enhance the stiffness of elastomers under small deformations, while maintaining low permanent deformation—both dynamic and static—and excellent elasticity. These materials serve as fillers and reinforcing agents, offering improved mechanical properties such as higher modulus, strength, tear resistance, puncture resistance, impact resistance, and vibration damping. By incorporating short fibers, the stiffness and dimensional stability of semi-finished products can be enhanced, leading to cost reduction, process simplification, and increased production efficiency. As a result, they have become an essential component in many rubber-based products, improving both performance and service life.
Short fibers used in rubber must exhibit good adhesion with the rubber matrix and be evenly distributed throughout the compound. They should remain intact during processing and maintain their original aspect ratio to ensure effective reinforcement. Common types of short fibers include inorganic options like glass fiber, asbestos, and steel fiber, as well as organic choices such as lignin fibers, nylon staple fibers, polyester staple fibers, and cotton staple fibers.
To maximize the benefits of short fibers, it is crucial to improve the interfacial adhesion between the fibers and the rubber matrix. This is typically achieved through pretreatment. Non-pretreated synthetic fibers often require the addition of adhesives, such as styrene-butadiene or butadiene latex, to the rubber compound. However, pre-treated fibers, like glass fibers, are usually coated with silane coupling agents, which enhance their compatibility with the rubber and promote better dispersion. This leads to stronger bonding between the fibers and the matrix, resulting in superior reinforcement and overall product quality.
Pretreatment not only improves the bond between the fibers and the rubber but also helps preserve the length of the fibers during mixing. Current pretreatment methods involve chemical treatments, such as impregnation with adhesives like styrene-butadiene latex, butadiene latex, or neoprene latex. These treatments help ensure uniform distribution and strong interfacial adhesion, making the final product more durable and efficient.
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