The Law of the People's Republic of China on Renewable Energy was passed at the 14th session of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People's Congress on February 28, 2005. The full text is provided below:
**Table of Contents**
- Chapter I: General Provisions
- Chapter II: Resource Survey and Development Planning
- Chapter III: Industrial Guidance and Technical Support
- Chapter IV: Promotion and Application
- Chapter V: Price Management and Cost Sharing
- Chapter VI: Economic Incentives and Supervisory Measures
- Chapter VII: Legal Liability
- Chapter VIII: Supplementary Provisions
**Chapter I: General Provisions**
To promote the development and use of renewable energy, increase energy supply, improve the energy structure, ensure energy security, protect the environment, and achieve sustainable economic and social development, this Law is enacted.
Article 2 defines "renewable energy" as non-fossil energy sources such as wind, solar, hydro, biomass, geothermal, and ocean energy. Hydropower applications are subject to regulations by the State Council’s energy department. This law does not apply to low-efficiency combustion of straw, fuelwood, or manure.
Article 3 applies this law within the territory of the People’s Republic of China and other maritime areas under its jurisdiction.
Article 4 states that the state prioritizes renewable energy development, sets targets, and promotes market growth. It encourages all economic entities to participate and protects developers’ rights.
Article 5 outlines the State Council’s energy department as the main authority for nationwide renewable energy management, with local governments managing their respective regions.
**Chapter II: Resource Survey and Development Planning**
Article 6 requires the State Council’s energy department to organize resource surveys and develop technical standards. Relevant departments conduct specific surveys and report findings to the energy department.
Survey results must be published unless classified as state secrets.
Article 7 mandates the establishment of national medium- and long-term renewable energy targets, which are then adapted to regional conditions.
Article 8 requires the preparation of a national renewable energy plan, with similar plans developed at the provincial level. Approved plans must be published, and revisions require approval from the original authority.
Article 9 emphasizes the need for public and expert input during the planning process.
**Chapter III: Industrial Guidance and Technical Support**
Article 10 allows the State Council’s energy department to publish a list of priority renewable energy industries.
Article 11 establishes national technical standards for grid-connected systems, with industry standards permitted if they meet national requirements.
Article 12 highlights the importance of scientific research and technological development in renewable energy, including funding for innovation and education integration.
**Chapter IV: Promotion and Application**
Article 13 encourages grid connection for renewable power generation, requiring legal licenses or registrations. Bidding processes apply when multiple applicants seek the same permit.
Article 14 obliges grid companies to sign agreements with licensed renewable energy producers, ensuring full purchase of generated electricity.
Article 15 supports off-grid renewable power systems in remote areas.
Article 16 encourages efficient biomass fuel use and biofuel production, with gas and heat networks required to accept renewable sources.
Article 17 promotes solar system installation in homes and buildings, with construction guidelines and provisions for retrofitting.
Article 18 focuses on rural renewable energy development, with local governments creating tailored plans and financial support.
**Chapter V: Price Management and Cost Sharing**
Article 19 sets feed-in tariffs based on technology and region, with adjustments as needed. Bidding prices must not exceed standard rates.
Article 20 requires grid companies to recover additional costs from sales prices, with detailed measures from the pricing authority.
Article 21 includes reasonable fees for renewable energy acquisition in transmission costs.
Article 22 regulates the pricing of renewable heat and gas entering urban networks.
**Chapter VI: Economic Incentives and Supervisory Measures**
Article 24 establishes a special fund for renewable energy projects, including R&D, rural use, and equipment localization.
Article 25 allows banks to offer preferential loans to qualifying projects.
Article 26 provides tax incentives for listed renewable energy projects.
Article 27 requires power companies to maintain accurate records and accept regulatory oversight.
**Chapter VII: Legal Liability**
Article 28 holds officials accountable for violations, including administrative penalties and criminal responsibility where applicable.
Article 29 imposes compensation liability on grid companies failing to purchase renewable energy.
Article 30 penalizes gas and heat network operators who fail to comply with technical standards.
Article 31 fines oil companies that do not include biofuels in their sales systems.
**Chapter VIII: Supplementary Provisions**
Article 32 defines key terms such as biomass energy, independent power systems, energy crops, and bio-liquid fuels.
Article 33 sets the effective date of the law as January 1, 2006.
This comprehensive legislation aims to drive the sustainable growth of renewable energy across China, ensuring environmental protection and long-term energy security.
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