The Law of the People's Republic of China on Renewable Energy was adopted at the 14th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People's Congress on February 28, 2005. The full text is as follows:
**Table of Contents**
- Chapter I: General Provisions
- Chapter II: Resource Investigation and Development Planning
- Chapter III: Industry Guidance and Technical Support
- Chapter IV: Promotion and Application
- Chapter V: Price Management and Cost Sharing
- Chapter VI: Economic Incentives and Supervision Measures
- Chapter VII: Legal Liability
- Chapter VIII: Supplementary Provisions
**Chapter I: General Provisions**
This law is enacted to promote the development and utilization of renewable energy, increase energy supply, improve the energy structure, ensure energy security, protect the environment, and achieve sustainable economic and social development.
Article 2 defines "renewable energy" as non-fossil energy sources such as wind, solar, hydro, biomass, geothermal, and ocean energy. Hydropower applications are subject to regulations by the State Council’s energy department, with approval from the State Council. However, this law does not apply to low-efficiency combustion of straw, fuelwood, or manure.
Article 3 applies this law within the territory of the People's Republic of China and other sea areas under its jurisdiction.
Article 4 emphasizes that the state prioritizes the development and use of renewable energy, setting targets and implementing measures to build a robust renewable energy market. It encourages all types of economic entities to participate while protecting the rights of developers.
Article 5 establishes that the State Council’s energy department oversees renewable energy nationwide, while local governments manage it within their administrative regions.
**Chapter II: Resource Investigation and Development Planning**
Article 6 mandates the State Council’s energy department to organize national resource investigations and develop technical standards for surveys. Relevant departments report findings to the energy department, which then publishes the results (except for classified information).
Article 7 requires the State Council to set national medium- and long-term renewable energy targets, with each region developing its own goals based on economic conditions and approved by local governments.
Article 8 outlines the process for creating national and regional renewable energy development plans, ensuring transparency and requiring revisions only with original approval authority.
Article 9 emphasizes public consultation and expert input in planning processes to ensure scientific and practical outcomes.
**Chapter III: Industry Guidance and Technical Support**
Article 10 allows the State Council’s energy department to publish a list of priority renewable energy industries.
Article 11 sets national technical standards for grid-connected renewable energy systems and permits industry-specific standards with the approval of the standardization administration.
Article 12 promotes research and industrialization of renewable energy technologies, integrating them into national science and technology plans. Educational institutions are encouraged to include renewable energy in curricula.
**Chapter IV: Promotion and Application**
Article 13 encourages renewable energy grid connection, requiring legal licenses or filings. Bidding processes are mandated for projects with multiple applicants.
Article 14 obliges power grid companies to sign agreements with renewable energy producers, fully purchasing their electricity and providing grid access.
Article 15 supports off-grid renewable energy systems in remote areas to meet local needs.
Article 16 encourages the use of biomass fuels and bio-liquid fuels, with gas and heat operators required to connect to networks if they meet technical standards.
Article 17 promotes the installation of solar energy systems in residential and commercial buildings, with construction guidelines and requirements for developers.
Article 18 supports rural renewable energy development, encouraging biogas, solar, small wind, and water systems. Local governments provide financial support for these initiatives.
**Chapter V: Price Management and Cost Sharing**
Article 19 sets feed-in tariffs for renewable energy based on cost and efficiency, with adjustments as technology advances.
Article 20 ensures that grid companies recover additional costs from consumers, with specific rules outlined by the pricing authority.
Article 21 includes reasonable fees for renewable energy integration into transmission systems.
Article 22 regulates the pricing of public renewable energy independent systems, ensuring fair recovery of operating costs.
Article 23 sets prices for renewable heat and gas entering urban networks, balancing cost and sustainability.
**Chapter VI: Economic Incentives and Supervision Measures**
Article 24 establishes a special fund for renewable energy development, supporting R&D, rural projects, and infrastructure.
Article 25 allows financial institutions to offer preferential loans to eligible renewable energy projects.
Article 26 grants tax benefits to projects listed in the renewable energy catalog.
Article 27 Requires power companies to maintain accurate records and comply with regulatory oversight.
**Chapter VII: Legal Liability**
Article 28 outlines penalties for violations, including administrative sanctions and criminal liability for officials failing in their duties.
Article 29 holds power grid companies accountable for failing to purchase renewable energy, requiring compensation and potential fines.
Article 30 penalizes gas and heat network operators who fail to meet technical standards, leading to economic losses for producers.
Article 31 imposes fines on oil companies that do not integrate bio-liquid fuels into their sales systems.
**Chapter VIII: Supplementary Provisions**
Article 32 clarifies key terms such as biomass energy, renewable energy independent systems, energy crops, and bio-liquid fuels.
Article 33 states that the law comes into effect on January 1, 2006.
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