The grinding principles of an outer cylindrical grinder and a centerless grinder differ significantly. On an outer cylindrical grinder, the primary task involves grinding the outer cylinder, outer cones, and shoulders of shaft-like workpieces. Conversely, a centerless grinder employs two grinding wheels during its operation: the regulating wheel and the grinding wheel. The regulating wheel rotates the cylindrical workpiece on the rest blade, while the grinding wheel performs the actual grinding.
When comparing the processing accuracy of these two types of grinders, it’s challenging to make a definitive judgment. Both grinders can achieve high precision depending on their origins and manufacturing accuracy. A centerless grinder is particularly suited for batch processing of shaft-type products. It achieves grinding through mutual extrusion between the grinding wheel and the regulating wheel, without a fixed rotational center. In contrast, an outer cylindrical grinder uses a steadyrest to fix the workpiece, allowing it to rotate and grind along its axis.
In terms of processing methods, an outer cylindrical grinder requires the workpiece to be centered during processing, often using a steadyrest or chuck. On the other hand, a centerless grinder relies on the self-rotation of the workpiece's outer surface. Due to this, it struggles with centering roundness, which is instead determined by the inherent roundness of the workpiece itself. Hence, achieving circular accuracy is less effective than with an outer cylindrical grinder. For optimal results, it’s advisable to first use an outer cylindrical grinder to finish the circular shape before utilizing a centerless grinder.
Regarding workpiece concentricity, an outer cylindrical grinder ensures precise concentricity of the workpiece, whereas a centerless grinder generally fails to guarantee this concentricity under typical conditions.
From a functional perspective, an outer cylindrical grinder is primarily used for precision grinding of end faces, outer cylinders, and conical surfaces of shaft components in batch production. It is ideal for small-batch, high-precision tasks in industries like military, aerospace, and general precision machining shops. Meanwhile, centerless grinders are mainly employed to polish cylindrical surfaces of various rings, shafts, and pipes. They excel in grinding cylindrical and annular parts, as well as conical sections.
Structurally, an outer cylindrical grinder comprises a bed, worktable, grinding wheel frame, headstock, tailstock, longitudinal feed handle, cross feed handle, reversing baffle, and more. In contrast, a centerless grinder consists of components such as the machine base, grinding wheel frame, regulating wheel, headstock, spindle unit structure, and an automatic tool assembly system.
The grinding wheel spindle bearings of an outer cylindrical grinder utilize conical oil wedge hydrodynamic bearings, maintaining high bearing stiffness even at low speeds. The key features of centerless grinders include excellent versatility, high modularity, superior accuracy and rigidity, and high operational efficiency.
One major distinction between the two lies in how they hold workpieces. A centerless grinder doesn’t require fixtures; instead, it uses a rest blade to support the workpiece, driven by an additional regulating wheel for grinding. By contrast, an outer cylindrical grinder necessitates fixtures or a steadyrest to clamp the workpiece during grinding. Furthermore, an outer cylindrical grinder operates solely with grinding wheels, lacking a regulating wheel.
This discussion highlights the similarities and differences between centerless grinders and outer cylindrical grinders. While both types of grinders employ grinding wheels for processing, their applications vary significantly. Centerless grinders are ideal for mass production, while outer cylindrical grinders excel in high-precision single-piece operations.
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