The history of wallpaper development

Wallpaper, also known as wall covering, has its roots in China. In 105 AD, during the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun revolutionized the world with his invention of papermaking, marking the beginning of a new era for art and decoration. From that moment on, our ancestors started using rice paper to cover windows and walls, not only to protect against dust but also to enhance the beauty of their living spaces. By the time of the Tang Dynasty, people had advanced this practice by painting on paper to decorate their walls. As trade flourished between the East and the West along the Silk Road, papermaking techniques spread to the Arab world and eventually to Europe. The earliest known European wall decorations were discovered in the beams of a Christian college in Cambridge, England—woodcut pomegranate patterns printed on the back of an announcement from the Henry VIII period (around 1509). The first recorded wallpaper designs were found in France. Jean-Michel Papillon, a French printmaker born in 1698 and died in 1776, created a series of continuous woodcuts in 1766, which were used as wallpaper. Because of this pioneering work, he is often referred to as the "father of modern wallpaper." In the mid-18th century, British entrepreneur William Morris introduced mass production of printed wallpapers, bringing the craft into the modern age. This marked a turning point in the accessibility and variety of wallpaper designs. During the 1980s, foamed wallpaper became popular. This type, also known as screen embossing or foaming, featured a textured surface that was soft to the touch, creating a strong three-dimensional effect and enhancing the visual space of a room. By the late 1980s, advancements in the plastics industry led to the rise of rubber-faced wallpaper as a more durable alternative. Unlike foamed wallpaper, it had a firmer texture, solving many of the previous issues. It was waterproof, moisture-resistant, and offered exquisite printing with embossed patterns, allowing for a wide range of designs. Its color expression and practicality marked a new chapter in wallpaper development. Today, rubber-faced wallpaper accounts for about 70% of global usage. Initially, glossy silk-like wallpapers were very popular. Later, as home decoration trends evolved, matte (or cloth-like) wallpapers gained popularity. Modern wallpapers now offer vibrant colors and intricate patterns, making them increasingly appealing to consumers. Major manufacturers are now competing fiercely to meet growing demand. From the late 1990s to the early 2000s, wallpaper with a fabric-like texture became trendy. As people began prioritizing comfort, leisure, and environmental concerns, eco-friendly options like non-woven and pure paper wallpapers gained traction. Today, the penetration rate of wallpaper in Europe and the U.S. exceeds 70%, while in Japan, South Korea, and Russia, it's nearly 95%. In China, however, the market penetration is still under 5%. With China's economic growth and rising living standards, I believe wallpaper will soon become a common household item, just like it is in many other countries around the world.

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