Quartz glass possesses remarkable optical properties, making it a highly sought-after material in various scientific and industrial applications. It is capable of transmitting light across a wide range of wavelengths, including the far-ultraviolet spectrum, which makes it the superior choice among all UV-transparent materials. Additionally, it allows for excellent transmission in the visible and near-infrared regions. Users can choose from a broad spectral range spanning from 185 to 3500 nanometers, depending on their specific needs.
One of the key advantages of quartz glass is its exceptional thermal stability. It has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion, enabling it to withstand high temperatures without deforming. This property, combined with its chemical resistance, makes it ideal for use in extreme environments. Furthermore, its optical quality—such as bubble content, streaks, uniformity, and birefringence—is comparable to that of conventional optical glass, ensuring consistent performance in complex optical systems.
The spectral transmittance of quartz glass is influenced by several factors, including its internal structure, impurity levels, and the presence of hydroxyl (OH) groups or other molecular species like NO and CO. For instance, oxygen atom binding defects can cause an absorption peak at 0.24 micrometers, while OH groups lead to a strong absorption peak at 2.7 micrometers. These features are critical when selecting quartz glass for specific optical applications, especially in the ultraviolet range, where even small impurities can significantly affect performance.
The spectral characteristics of quartz glass vary depending on its production method. Fused silica, for example, is an excellent infrared transparent material but often exhibits poor ultraviolet transmission due to residual impurities. When produced using an oxyhydrogen flame, it may contain OH groups and structural defects, leading to reduced infrared transmission. On the other hand, high-purity optical quartz glass made from synthetic raw materials offers the best UV transparency but still suffers from an OH absorption peak at 2.7 micrometers. The most optimal performance—covering a continuous spectrum from far ultraviolet to near infrared—is achieved with quartz glass produced via electrofusion or hydrogen-free flame methods, which minimize unwanted absorption peaks.
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