**Foreign Mechanical Occupation Bearing Heat Disposal Methods (Part 1)**
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Source: China Bearing Network | Time: April 2, 2013
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Heat treatment is a critical process in the mechanical industry, directly affecting the performance and lifespan of components. Over the years, advancements in technology have led to more efficient and environmentally friendly heat treatment methods. This article explores various modern approaches to heat disposal in bearing manufacturing, focusing on sanitary, fine, energy-saving, and oxidation-free techniques.
### Sanitary Heat Treatment
Traditional heat treatment processes often produce waste water, gas, dust, noise, and electromagnetic radiation, which can harm the environment. To address this, many developed countries have adopted **sanitary or green heat treatment** methods. These involve using cleaner fuels like natural gas instead of coal or heavy oil, optimizing furnace layouts, and controlling air-fuel ratios to minimize emissions. Additionally, vacuum carburizing, carbonitriding, and nitriding are now preferred over salt baths to reduce water pollution. Water-soluble quenching oils and biodegradable vegetable oils are also used to decrease oil-related environmental impact.
### Fine Heat Treatment
Fine heat treatment focuses on precision and consistency. It involves analyzing part requirements, using advanced computer simulations, and optimizing process parameters to ensure stable results. The goal is to achieve minimal quality dispersion and zero distortion. This method ensures that the final product meets high standards of accuracy and reliability.
### Energy-Saving Heat Treatment
Energy efficiency is a growing concern in the industry. Modern practices include using controlled power management, selecting low-energy processes, and maximizing waste heat recovery. Establishing dedicated heat treatment facilities with full-load production helps reduce overall energy consumption. Efficient heating systems and shorter cycle times further contribute to sustainability.
### Oxidation-Free Heat Treatment
Controlling the atmosphere during heating prevents oxidation and decarburization. Techniques such as vacuum gas quenching, low-pressure carburizing, and nitriding improve part quality, reduce distortion, and extend service life. These methods provide better control over carbon and nitrogen potential, leading to superior mechanical properties.
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In the context of bearing manufacturing, heat treatment plays a vital role. Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in the spheroidizing annealing of high-carbon chromium bearing steel. Traditional methods involved slow cooling after heating to temperatures above Ac1, resulting in uneven carbide distribution. However, new **isothermal spheroidizing annealing** processes allow for faster and more uniform microstructures, improving cold working and quenching performance.
Martensitic quenching and tempering of high-carbon chromium bearing steel also require careful control. The conventional process involves heating to 830–860°C, oil quenching, and low-temperature tempering. The remaining austenite content (typically 6–15%) affects hardness, dimensional stability, and fatigue life. Advanced techniques, such as cryogenic treatment and multiple tempering cycles, help reduce residual austenite and enhance performance.
Research by experts like G. Lowisch and Jiu Jiuyu has shown that cyclic heat treatments and optimized austenitizing conditions can lead to ultrafine microstructures with improved mechanical properties and longer service life. These innovations are crucial for meeting the demands of high-performance bearings.
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This article is sourced from China Bearing Network. For more information, visit [http://www.chinabearing.net](http://www.chinabearing.net).
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