Quartz glass exhibits remarkable optical properties, making it a highly sought-after material in various scientific and industrial applications. It is capable of transmitting light across the far-ultraviolet spectrum, which makes it the superior choice among all UV-transparent materials. In addition to UV, it also offers excellent transmission in the visible and near-infrared ranges. Users can select from a wide range of wavelengths spanning from 185 to 3500 nanometers, depending on their specific needs.
One of the key advantages of quartz glass is its exceptional thermal stability. It has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion, allowing it to maintain structural integrity even under extreme temperature conditions. This property, combined with its chemical resistance, makes it ideal for use in harsh environments where other materials might fail. Its optical quality—characterized by minimal bubbles, uniformity, and low birefringence—ensures reliable performance in complex optical systems, making it an essential component in many high-precision applications.
The spectral transmittance of quartz glass is influenced by several factors, including its internal structure, impurity levels, and the presence of hydroxyl (OH) groups, as well as other molecular species like NO and CO. For instance, oxygen atom bonding defects can create an absorption peak at 0.24 micrometers, while the presence of OH groups leads to a strong absorption peak at 2.7 micrometers. Additionally, metal impurities can cause significant absorption in the ultraviolet range due to atomic transitions, which may reduce the material’s transparency in that region.
The spectral characteristics of quartz glass vary depending on the manufacturing process. Fused silica, for example, is an excellent infrared transparent material but often suffers from poor ultraviolet transmission due to impurities. When produced using an oxyhydrogen flame, it tends to have an absorption peak at 0.24 micrometers and an OH group due to structural imperfections, resulting in reduced infrared transmission. On the other hand, high-purity optical quartz glass made from synthetic raw materials provides the best UV transmission but still experiences a strong absorption peak at 2.7 micrometers.
Only optical quartz glass produced through advanced methods such as electrofusion or hydrogen-free flame melting can achieve consistent and broad spectral transmission, covering the entire range from far ultraviolet to near infrared without significant absorption peaks. This makes it the preferred material for specialized optical applications requiring high transparency across multiple wavelength regions.
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