How to prevent high-risk occupational diseases?

Currently, high-risk occupational diseases mainly include pneumoconiosis, noise-induced hearing loss, benzene poisoning, lead poisoning, and carbon monoxide poisoning. These conditions are commonly found in industries such as mining, auto repair, construction, packaging, and stone processing. What are the dangers of these diseases? How can they be prevented? And what should workers do if they are affected? To find out, this reporter spoke with experts from the Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Health Care, who specialize in the diagnosis and health check-ups of occupational diseases.

Pneumoconiosis

High-risk industries: Mining, stone factories, construction and decoration

Pneumoconiosis is characterized by four main symptoms: coughing, chest pain, shortness of breath, and wheezing. In the early stages, the cough may not be very noticeable, but as the disease progresses, patients often develop chronic bronchitis and frequent lung infections. Complications from pneumoconiosis are a leading cause of death among patients. The most alarming aspect of this condition is its irreversibility—once it develops, it cannot be completely cured, only managed through treatment.

Prevention Methods:

Workers in construction, mining, and quarrying are at higher risk for silicosis. Experts recommend regular health monitoring, including pre-employment medical exams, periodic check-ups during employment, and follow-up exams after leaving the job. For those working in dusty environments for extended periods, long-term follow-up is essential.

In addition, personal protection is crucial. Workers should wear proper dust protection equipment such as dust masks, helmets, and air-supplied masks. Maintaining good hygiene, changing work clothes regularly, and showering after work can also reduce exposure risks.

Benzene Poisoning

High-risk industries: Painting, auto repair shops, luggage manufacturing

Benzene poisoning occurs due to prolonged exposure to benzene-containing substances. Many affected workplaces are small family-run operations or low-tech workshops with poor safety measures and inadequate protective gear. Benzene is often referred to as the "occupational disease killer." Chronic exposure leads to blood disorders, starting with reduced white blood cells, then progressing to low platelets, anemia, and in severe cases, aplastic anemia or leukemia.

Prevention Methods:

Companies should replace benzene with less toxic alternatives and improve production processes with better ventilation systems. Automated and enclosed production lines with effective local exhaust systems are recommended. Employees should use appropriate protective masks and undergo regular health screenings.

Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

High-risk industries: Furniture, textile, stamping factories

Noise-induced hearing loss is common in many industrial settings. Annual physical exams can detect early signs of damage caused by excessive noise. Prolonged exposure to loud noises can harm the auditory system and affect other body systems, including the nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine, and digestive systems.

Prevention Methods:

According to national standards, noise levels in industrial areas should not exceed 85 decibels. If noise levels go beyond this threshold, workers' exposure time must be reduced accordingly. In high-noise environments, employees should wear certified ear protection such as earplugs and earmuffs. Regular occupational health check-ups are essential. If workers experience ringing in the ears, it could be an early sign of hearing loss, and they should seek medical attention promptly to prevent further damage.

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