At present, most state-owned enterprises in China are undergoing two fundamental changes from extensive management to fine management, from experience management to scientific management. The main problems faced by most state-owned enterprises are: how to solve the problem of multi-variety and small batches; how to shorten the production cycle of products, reduce costs, improve product quality to meet market demand; how to improve the comprehensive management level and plan realization rate of enterprises The problem; how to establish a standard working hour management system, a new management program, to achieve management standardization, standardization, specialization and so on. Industrial engineering research is carried out to solve these problems, mainly including process reengineering, corporate management models, various management standards and procedures, and corporate management information models. Its purpose is to use the ideas of industrial engineering to improve the overall economic efficiency of the enterprise.
In foreign countries, many advanced enterprises use industrial engineering ideas to manage enterprises, and apply CAD, PDM (Product Data Management), ERP (Enterprise Resources Planning) integrated systems as support systems for implementing industrial engineering. Since the 1950s and 1960s, manufacturing technology in Western developed countries has undergone three stages of change (as shown in the table below).
At present, many companies have established integrated systems such as CAD, CAM, CAPP, and FMS. These systems are micro-integrated and it is difficult to give full play to the overall benefits of the enterprise. With the development of integration technology, enterprise integration has developed into a product-centered mesoscopic integration and macro-integration with the core of enterprise business processes, which requires the support of CAD, PDM, ERP integrated systems.
First, the functions of CAD, PDM, ERP integrated system
1. The relationship between CAD, PDM, ERP systems
In the whole life cycle of the product, CAD system is used for product design and analysis; PDM system is used to manage data and process related to products; ERP system manages enterprise resources such as people, finance, materials and information.
2. The function of the CAD system
The CAD system is mainly used for geometric design and geometric analysis of products. The main functions are cable rack, curved surface, solid modeling, motion mechanism, feature modeling, numerical control, finite element analysis, and library management.
3. The function of the PDM system
The PDM system integrates all product-related information and processes for management. The object of its research is the product, the main functions are:
(1) Management and control of documents (Documents) and folders (Folders)
Document management functions include: addition, deletion, modification of documents; version management and control of documents; management of relationship between documents; where documents are used for query; workflow processing of documents. The management functions of the folder include: creation, deletion, and modification of the folder; approval and issuance of the folder. These functions are mainly used to collect, store and deliver various CAD drawing files, raster files, character files and corresponding work processes.
(2) Product structure and configuration management
The main management products structure and configuration, the main functions are: generate product structure tree; generate specific product configuration; browse product structure information and various related information; print various BOM tables; BOM table changes and version control. Each member of the BOM (Bill Of Material) table contains 16 types of attribute data, such as design attributes, processing operations, related files, release history, and validity control.
(3) Management of engineering changes
The process and management of engineering changes is quite complex, and a simple design change can involve the work of many other departments. Its main functions are: creating engineering change orders; finding out which design and manufacturing departments are affected by an engineering change; the reasons for project changes; determining the validity of engineering changes (time, batch/shelf number); collecting information related to engineering changes, And approve and issue; manage the version of the project change.
(4) Workflow design and management
The main definition of the design steps, as well as the rules for defining the relevant steps in the process, approve the provisions of each step. Supports the assignment of technicians, including the development and management of release steps, administrative tracking and approval management, change processes, and the issuance of messages.
(5) Integration with CAD systems
Each PDM system can be well integrated with the corresponding CAD system, such as PM and CATIA, Metaphase and I-DEAS, IMAN and UGII, PRO/PDM and PRO/Engineer. In addition, each PDM system can be integrated with CAD systems in standard formats such as IGES, VDA, and STEP.
4. The function of the ERP system
The basic idea of ​​ERP is to take the enterprise as an organic whole, from the perspective of overall optimization, and use scientific methods to plan and organize all kinds of manufacturing resources, production, supply, sales and finance. Control and adjustment, so that they are coordinated and orderly in the production process, and fully play their role, thus improving the management level and economic benefits of the enterprise. The ERP system mainly includes:
(1) Master production plan
The master production plan is an important level of planning for ERP. It is a description of what is going to be produced, and plays a role in the transition from macro to micro. It mainly includes the following:
Prepare a production plan outline. Prepare a production plan outline for product categories and product groups by considering the company's business plan, expected inventory at the end of the period, or unfinished order objectives, resource capabilities, and constraints at the end of the period.
market prediction.
Prepare the master production plan. The main information required is: master production plan outline, estimated demand, available raw materials and accessories, manufacturing/procurement lead time, production preparation/replacement time. The principle is to schedule production with a minimum number of projects and only list projects that have a significant impact on production capacity, finances and key materials. The steps are as follows: 1 According to the production forecast, the customer orders received, the parts forecast, the order policy and the batch, the main production plan is formulated; 2 the rough capacity plan is executed, and the capacity and demand are balanced; 3 the preliminary main production progress is evaluated. Plan to adjust and balance capabilities and plans.
Approve and release the master production plan. The steps are as follows: 1. Submit the main production schedule to the market, engineering, production, finance, procurement and superior authorities for preliminary draft analysis; 2 obtain formal approval of the main production plan; 3 send it to the relevant departments for use.
Implement the master production plan. Mainly monitor the implementation of production plans, as well as procurement and market behavior.
(2) Material Requirements Planning
The material requirements plan is used to solve the problem of “what must be manufactured and purchasedâ€. The main contents are:
Generate a BOM. The BOM is mainly used to describe the composition of the product, including the product structure, the routing of each project, and the work center data. Data such as BOM, inventory data and routing are the basic data of the ERP system. The departments that use BOM data include engineering design, process design, manufacturing, product cost accounting, and material demand planning.
Prepare a material requirements plan. The data sources are: master production plan, forecast of independent demand, BOM and inventory files. In the process of preparation, it is necessary to determine the gross demand, the net demand, the date and quantity of the planned order release. The output of the MRP is to complete the following tasks: release the order; modify the completion date of the order to be released; delete the order to be released and the order to be released in the future. The material requirements plan operates in both net and rearranged modes. The methods for determining the order quantity include the fixed batch method, the direct batch method, the economic order batch method, the fixed cycle batch method, and the periodic order batch method.
Perform a material requirements planning. The main job is to check and place orders.
Toothpaste,Professional Teeth Whitening ,Teeth Bleaching Kit ,Teeth Whitening Light
Catalyst & Active Agent Co., Ltd. , http://www.nbteethwhite.com