1 Perilla introduces
Perilla, alias scorpion, red succulent, red succulent, fragrant sage, crispy hemp, suma and so on. It is an annual herbaceous plant of the Labiatae family. It has been cultivated for more than 2,000 years in China. It is mainly used in medicine, oil, spices, food, etc. It is a traditional Chinese medicine and food plant. It is also the first batch of the Ministry of Health. It is one of the 60 traditional Chinese medicines for food and medicine (Han Li and Li Chen, 2004). It is widely used in poultry, livestock and aquaculture feed because it is rich in various nutrients. As a feed additive, the extract of perilla has not only the advantages of supplementing nutrition, promoting growth, improving the quality of animal products, but also has the characteristics of low toxicity and low residue, so it has a wide range in the world livestock and poultry, aquaculture and feed industry. Application prospects.
2 application of perilla in feed
2.1 Application in laying hens
Perilla is rich in omega-3, which is added to the feed to increase the omega-3 content of the egg. Zang Sumin et al. (2003) added 8%, 12%, 16%, and 20% linolenic acid-rich perilla seeds to laying hens. The results showed that after adding perilla, the egg yolk could be significantly increased. The content of unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Increase the proportion of omega-3 in fatty acids and improve the ratio of omega-6/omega-3. Perilla cake is the by-product of perilla seed after oil extraction. It is rich in protein and can be used as feed ingredient for poultry. Gao Yupeng et al. (1998) showed that the suitable dietary water (10%, 15%) of perilla seed cake instead of soybean meal was fed to laying hens, which did not affect the production performance. No abnormalities in blood protein metabolism biochemical indicators were observed.
2.2 Application in broiler feed
The application of perilla to broiler chickens is mainly to extract the active ingredients from the perilla seeds and add them as an additive to the feed. Xie Jun and Pan Cunxia (2010) studied the effect of perilla seed extract in broiler diets. The results showed that the daily weight gain and feed-to-weight ratio of the 15 mg/kg perilla seed extract group were compared with the control group. The survival rate was improved, and the weight-increasing cost was reduced by 11.86%. Moreover, the immune organ index, Newcastle disease antibody titer, E-flower formation percentage, lymphocyte transformation rate, and serum lgG of broilers also increased. Perilla
The seed extract can promote the growth of broilers and enhance immunity, and the effect is comparable to that of antibiotics. The results of Sun Tingting and Xu Jianxiong (2007) showed that the weight, uniformity, egg production rate and average egg weight of the chickens in the experiment were significantly increased, and the growth rate of each added composition was also improved. the trend of. The fertilization rate and the rate of hatching eggs increased by 1.04% and 5.35%, respectively. Liu Guohua et al. (2005) showed that the addition of 250 mg/kg of perilla and yarrow grass extract significantly increased the weight gain rate of broilers aged 4-6 weeks and 0-6 weeks old and feed
The conversion rate of the material and the growth rate of each added composition also increased, and the effect was equivalent to 50 mg/kg of chlortetracycline, which improved the production performance and feeding efficiency of the broiler to some extent.
2.3 Application of Perilla in Pig Feed
Zhang Kexi (2000) reported that using pork with perilla fruit can effectively improve pork quality. Zhao Hongmei et al (2008) studied the effects of Chinese herbal medicines such as perilla and Codonopsis pilosula on the growth performance of weaned pigs. 96 healthy weaned piglets of 21 days old were randomly divided into 4 groups. Group A was fed with basal diet. Groups B, C, and D added 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1.0% of the additives to the basal diets. The results showed that the daily gains of the three groups increased by -0.15 compared with the control group A. %, 21.65% and 11.96%, the feed-to-weight ratio decreased by 4.58%, 5.34% and 5.34%, respectively. The frequency of diarrhea decreased by 84.50%, 92.25% and 69.38%, respectively, indicating that Chinese herbal medicines such as perilla were fed as feed additives to piglets, which promoted piglet feeding, increased daily gain and decreased feed-to-weight ratio and diarrhea rate. effect. Liu Guohua and Chen Baojiang (2006) showed that the addition of perilla and yarrow extract to the diet can significantly increase the weight gain rate of piglets and finishing pigs, reduce feed intake, improve feed utilization efficiency, and reduce The role of diarrhea rates and mortality. This is similar to the findings of Zhao Hongmei et al. (2008).
3 Conclusion
Perilla extract is derived from natural plants. As a feed additive, it not only has the advantages of supplementing nutrition, promoting growth, improving animal quality, but also has the characteristics of low toxicity and low residue, and has broad application prospects in livestock and poultry breeding.
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