What factors should be taken into account when using DC high-voltage generator to detect zinc oxide surge arresters

1. Arresters can be categorized into several types based on their development and functionality. The protection gap is the most basic type, consisting of two conductive electrodes separated by a small air gap. The tube-type arrester is similar to a protection gap but includes a gas-filled tube that helps extinguish the arc after discharge. The valve-type arrester improves on this by dividing a single gap into multiple short series gaps, increasing nonlinearity and enhancing protection performance through resistors. The magnetic blowout arrester uses a magnetic field to enhance arc quenching and also limits internal overvoltages. The zinc oxide arrester, one of the most advanced types, utilizes the excellent nonlinear voltage-current characteristics of zinc oxide discs. At high currents, it exhibits low resistance, limiting voltage, while at normal operating voltages, it shows high resistance with no residual current or backflash, making it highly effective for both external and internal overvoltage protection. 2. Specialized testing instruments are essential for evaluating zinc oxide arresters. One such device is the DC high-voltage generator, produced by Yangzhou Fei Kete Electric Co., Ltd. According to Fitech Electric, during general arrester testing, the setup involves first connecting the test circuit without the sample. After reaching the test voltage, the corona and stray current (I') are recorded. Then, the sample is connected, and the total current (I1) is measured. The leakage current (I0) is calculated as I0 = I1 - I'. This method ensures accurate measurement of the sample's performance under test conditions. 3. When measuring the leakage current accurately, a high-voltage shielded microammeter should be connected in series within the high-voltage circuit. This meter must have proper metal shielding to prevent interference from external electrical fields. 4. Shielded cables should be used to connect the test sample. The shield of the high-voltage lead must be tightly connected to the instrument’s shield terminal. To eliminate the effect of surface leakage current, a bare copper wire can be wrapped around the high-potential end of the sample and connected to the high-voltage lead’s shield. 5. For arresters like zinc oxide and magnetic blowout types with separable grounding terminals, the ammeter can be placed at the base (ground potential) for measurement, but shielded cables must still be used. If surface leakage current needs to be excluded, a bare copper wire can be attached to the ground potential end of the test object. After reducing the voltage, the piezoelectric positioner is returned to zero, and the green button is pressed to cut off the high voltage and turn off the power. 6. For small-capacitance devices like zinc oxide arresters, discharging is typically quick through pressure resistance. However, for large-capacitance items such as cables or motors, it is necessary to wait until the test sample voltage drops below 20% of the test level before discharging using a discharge rod. Once fully discharged and grounded, the high-voltage leads can be removed and replaced safely. 7. The zinc oxide lightning arrester is a critical component in protecting substations from lightning surges. When a surge exceeds the arrester’s threshold, it activates first, directing the lightning current safely to the ground through a conductor. The grounding system ensures that the voltage remains below the equipment’s insulation level, preventing damage to electrical equipment. This makes the zinc oxide arrester an essential part of power system protection.

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Overview

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