Jin Yong: There is no unified statement in the world at this time. The major powers are determined according to their needs and abilities. The International Energy Agency stipulates that the oil reserves of its member states should be equal to the country’s 90-day net imports of crude oil or refined oil. According to the EU regulations, the oil reserves of member countries should be equal to the country’s 90-day average internal consumption of crude oil or refined oil.
Reporter: For China, how can we form a proportion of strategic oil reserves?
Jin Yong: This is very difficult for our country. Calculating China’s current oil consumption for three months, it needs 75 million tons of reserves; based on China's three months of oil imports, the reserve needs to reach more than 30 million tons. At present, our country initially plans to complete the construction of the hardware facilities of the oil reserve base in three phases over 15 years. By 2010, it will have completed four bases including Zhejiang Zhenhai, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, Huangdao, Shandong, and Dalian, Liaoning, and its storage capacity can be roughly achieved. 28 million tons. At that time, it is expected that the reserves formed can only reach the level of 12 million tons, and it will take only 2020 for reserves to reach the import volume for three months, and there will be greater economic risks and safety risks.
Turn "resource reserve" into "functional reserve"
Reporter: What advice do you have in order to complete the oil reserve as soon as possible?
Jin Yong: If we change the traditional mode of thinking and change the "what resources are needed, what kind of resources will be reserved" into "what kind of resource functions are needed, we will reserve all the resources that can fulfill this function", that is, simply " "Resources reserve" is converted into "functional reserve", which can achieve the same purpose and is also easy to implement.
Reporter: Which resources are more suitable as a choice for achieving "functional reserve"?
Jin Yong: Coal energy is obviously not suitable as a strategic energy reserve. The first is that large amounts of storage will produce natural oxidation and even spontaneous combustion, and it is not easy to transport, and processing and transportation are inconvenient. Although natural gas is easy to process, transport, and use, it requires high-pressure reserves, high investment and storage costs, and extremely insecure, and it cannot be used as a strategic reserve.
In my opinion, methanol is a good choice.
Reporter: Can methanol fully replace petroleum in its function?
Jin Yong: First, methanol can be directly mixed with gasoline (M5, M15, M85, M100) using different components, or methanol undergoes a simple dehydration reaction to produce dimethyl ether, and methanol and vegetable oils undergo transesterification to synthesize biodiesel, both of which are clean. Diesel alternative fuel. Therefore, methanol can basically replace petroleum processing to become a power fuel supplement for vehicles, boats, and airplanes. It is non-corrosive and has a lower cost.
Methanol can be used as a substitute for petroleum and processed into a variety of petrochemical products. Through the methanol cracking process (MTO process), lighter olefins (ethylene, propylene, butylene, etc.) can be produced. It is also possible to synthesize propylene alone through the MTP process, while low-carbon olefins are the leading petrochemical products that can meet the demand of existing petrochemicals for petroleum.
In addition, methanol can also be directly processed into a variety of products, it is also used to process traditional chemicals such as formaldehyde, acetic acid, dimethyl carbonate, butanediol, ethanol, methyl tert-butyl ether, acetylene glycol and other bulk chemicals. It is an intermediate compound for the manufacture of chloromethane and organosilicon products. It is also widely used as a medicine, dyestuff, plastic, synthetic fiber and methanol protein feed additives, solvents, adhesives, and the like.
A more economic and safe choice Reporter: However, we also know that methanol is chemically toxic. Will this hinder its use?
Jin Yong: Methanol is inherently safe and controllable to the human body. Although methanol has a certain degree of chemical toxicity, it does not belong to the 33 kinds of health harmful substances that the United States has included in the “Urban Atmosphere Toxicant Strategyâ€. Methanol is naturally present in the human body and has a content of 0.6 mg/kg body weight. At a concentration of 200 ppm methanol, continuous work for five working days is permissible. Methanol has low volatility and is exposed in the air. The volatility is only 30% to 60% of that of gasoline. The main poisonous effect of methanol on the human body is that it can cause serious vision damage and can be fatal. However, this is easily controlled. Poisoning can be reduced by using sodium bicarbonate, folic acid, and alcohol to reduce its metabolism in the body. Therefore, it is generally believed that methanol is a highly toxic substance and it is wrong.
Methanol is also safe in the environment. The possibility of methanol causing fire and explosion is far less than that of gasoline and diesel. The limit concentration of ignition is four times that of gasoline. The risk of methanol leakage is also lower than that of gasoline and diesel. Methanol is soluble in water. Dilute, save, and degrade.
Reporter: If methanol is used instead of oil for storage, will there be no shortage of methanol supply?
Jin Yong: In recent years, due to the unprecedented high price of methanol in China, the development of coal chemical industry has seen the upsurge of methanol synthesis and plant construction, and the development of methanol downstream products still needs a process. As the amount of methanol added in gasoline is limited, there has been a period of time when the methanol production plant is under-employed, the methanol market is in excess, and the price is falling. At this time, if the state determines in time the supplement of methanol as an alternative resource for petroleum, the establishment of a methanol strategic reserve facility in a convenient location in the Mainland can modulate the volatility of the methanol market and ensure the long-term strategy for the development of coal chemical industry in China, strategically. It is also safer than most oil reserves built on the coast.
In short, if the implementation of the methanol strategic reserve replaces 1/10 to 1/5 of the petroleum strategic reserve, its economic rationality and feasibility of implementation are in line with China’s national conditions in terms of alternative functions, raw material sources, safety, and environmental protection. Easy to operate.
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