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Sharp has made a significant breakthrough in solar technology by announcing that it has increased the conversion efficiency of its crystalline silicon solar cells to 25.1%. This achievement places it just behind Panasonic, which previously set a record of 25.6% on April 10, 2014.
For many years, the highest recorded efficiency for crystalline silicon solar cells was 25.0%, achieved by the University of New South Wales (UNSW) in March 1999. However, both Sharp and Panasonic have now surpassed this milestone, marking a major advancement in photovoltaic technology.
Similar to Panasonic, Sharp employs a combination of a "heterojunction" structure—where an amorphous silicon layer is formed on top of a crystalline silicon substrate—and a "back contact design," which places all electrodes on the rear side of the cell. This design helps reduce surface recombination, improves light absorption by eliminating front-side electrodes, and enhances overall performance.
Although both companies have not yet announced commercial production timelines for these high-efficiency units, Sharp has already applied back contact structures in some of its products. The integration of heterojunction technology with back contact designs was first introduced at a domestic exhibition in Japan in December 2012, with an initial efficiency of 21.7%. Since then, the efficiency steadily improved, reaching 22.3% in February 2013, 24.2% in July 2013, 24.7% in October 2013, 24.9% in February 2014, and finally 25.1% in April 2014.
At 25.1% efficiency, the cell's short-circuit current density reached 41.7 mA/cm², the open-circuit voltage was 736 mV, and the fill factor was 81.9%. The test area measured 3.72 cm², and the results were verified by the Japan Electrical Safety & Environment Technology Laboratories (JET).
These achievements are part of a broader research initiative supported by the Japanese New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), titled “Research and Development of Ultimate Silicon Crystal Solar Cells.†The project is being conducted in collaboration with Toyota Technological Institute, highlighting the growing interest in next-generation solar technologies.
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