Infrared technology was first discovered by British astronomer William Herschel in 1800, marking the beginning of its exploration for practical applications. Since then, scientists have continuously researched how to utilize this invisible light in various fields. Over the past two decades, active infrared camera technology has seen rapid development and is now widely used in security monitoring. The technology has matured significantly, with infrared cameras evolving quickly, offering a diverse range of products and expanding into new application areas.
**Infrared Camera Product Features**
Infrared cameras are generally categorized into two main types: analog infrared cameras and network infrared cameras. Regardless of the type, all infrared cameras share certain key characteristics. These include the use of an appropriate infrared light source and a low-light sensitive camera. Only when both elements are combined can an infrared camera deliver optimal performance.
The choice of infrared light source depends on the intended use and the distance to be covered. Infrared light has a wavelength longer than 780 nm and is not visible to the human eye. There are two primary types of infrared light sources used in cameras:
1. **Infrared LED or LED arrays**: These generate infrared light through the recombination of electrons and holes in gallium arsenide (GaAs) semiconductors. A newer version, the LED-Array, offers high optical output (800–1000 mW), a compact size, and a long lifespan of 50,000 hours. It also provides adjustable beam angles from 10° to 120°, making it ideal for various applications.
2. **Infrared Laser Diodes (LD)**: These are used for ultra-long-distance monitoring, typically over 1 km. LDs provide higher brightness and better directionality compared to LEDs, but they require a beam expander lens to cover a wider area.
**Infrared Camera Sensor Chip Features**
Modern cameras use either CMOS or CCD image sensors. Both respond to infrared light, but CMOS sensors are more sensitive in the 890–980 nm range and maintain better performance as wavelengths increase. For effective night vision, larger sensor sizes are preferable. A 1/4" CCD is insufficient for distances beyond 15 meters, while 1/2" or 1/3" sensors are more suitable for reliable infrared imaging.
**Infrared Camera Lens Features**
Standard lenses may not focus infrared light properly, reducing night vision quality. Specialized infrared lenses are necessary to ensure consistent focusing between day and night. Color-to-black cameras should avoid using infrared lenses to prevent focusing inconsistencies.
**Infrared Camera Application and Debugging**
**Installation Tips:**
1. Adjust the infrared beam at night using a monitor.
2. Avoid pointing the infrared light directly at the camera.
3. The infrared lamp doesn’t need to be installed in the same location as the camera; it can be placed between the camera and the object if needed.
4. Keep the infrared lamp height under 4 meters and aim it downward at a 20° angle.
5. Ensure the infrared lamp’s power meets the required specifications.
6. Always read the manual and check installation conditions before use.
**Usage Considerations:**
- Large-angle infrared lamps should be paired with wide-angle lenses to avoid light waste.
- Higher emission angles improve screen visibility.
- A large-aperture lens improves infrared light transmission, doubling the effective range.
- Focus shift occurs due to different wavelengths of visible and infrared light. Solutions include auto-focus cameras, non-shift lenses, or professional adjustment tools.
- Color cameras are less sensitive to infrared light, so filters are used to block it. To enable infrared sensing, filters can be switched or modified, though this may affect color accuracy.
**How Far Can Infrared Night Vision Go?**
With advanced technology, infrared night vision systems can achieve ranges over 100 meters. For distances beyond 500 meters, all three components—light source, sensor, and lens—must be optimized. While such systems are available, their high cost limits widespread civilian use.
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