Infrared technology was first discovered by British astronomer William Herschel in 1800, sparking growing interest among scientists in its potential applications. Over the past two decades, active infrared camera technology has seen rapid development and is now widely used in security monitoring. The technology has matured significantly, with infrared cameras evolving quickly, offering a diverse range of products and expanding into new application areas.
**Infrared Camera Product Features**
Infrared cameras are generally categorized into two types: analog and network-based. Regardless of the type, all effective infrared cameras share common characteristics. These include the use of an appropriate infrared light source and a low-light sensitive camera. Combining these two elements is essential for creating a high-performance product.
The choice of infrared light source depends on the specific use case and distance requirements. Infrared light, which has a wavelength longer than 780 nm, is invisible to the human eye. Two main types of infrared light sources are currently used:
1. **Infrared LED Arrays**: These use gallium arsenide (GaAs) semiconductors to emit infrared light through electron-hole recombination. A newer technology, LED-Array, offers higher optical output (800mW–1000mW), a compact size, and a long lifespan of 50,000 hours. It also provides adjustable beam angles from 10° to 120°, making it ideal for various applications.
2. **Infrared Laser Diodes (LDs)**: These are used for ultra-long-distance monitoring, such as scenes beyond 1 km. They provide greater brightness and directional control compared to LEDs, though they require additional optics like beam expanders to cover larger areas.
**Sensor Chip Characteristics**
Modern cameras use CMOS or CCD image sensors, both of which can detect infrared light. However, CMOS sensors have better sensitivity in the 890–980 nm range, with slower attenuation as wavelengths increase. For night vision, the sensor size matters—larger sensors (e.g., 1/2†or 1/3â€) are more effective for distances over 15 meters. Smaller sensors like 1/4†may not perform well in low-light conditions.
**Lens Features**
Standard lenses are not optimized for infrared light, leading to poor focus and reduced night vision performance. Therefore, using specialized infrared lenses is recommended to ensure consistent image quality during day and night.
**Application and Debugging Tips**
When installing infrared systems, it's best to adjust the lighting at night using a monitor to fine-tune the beam position and lens settings. Avoid pointing the infrared light directly at the camera, as it can cause overexposure. The infrared lamp doesn’t need to be placed exactly where the camera is; it can be positioned between the camera and the target if needed. Installation height should not exceed 4 meters, and the angle should be set to around 20° downward for optimal coverage.
During operation, using a large-angle infrared lamp with a narrow-view lens can waste light. The emission angle should match the viewing angle for best results. Lens aperture also plays a role—f/1.0 lenses transmit four times more light than f/2.0 lenses, improving infrared visibility.
**Common Issues and Solutions**
Focus shift between visible and infrared light can cause blurry images. This can be resolved by using auto-focus cameras, non-shift focusing lenses, or professional adjustment tools. Color cameras are less sensitive to infrared light, so filters are used to block it. To allow infrared imaging, filters can either be removed or modified, though this may affect color accuracy.
**How Far Can Infrared Night Vision Go?**
With advanced technology, infrared night vision systems can achieve over 100 meters, and even beyond 500 meters in some cases. However, such systems require mastery of infrared light, sensor, and lens technologies, which come with higher costs and limited availability in the consumer market.
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