In recent years, crop straw has become a new source of rural non-point source pollution. During the summer harvest and autumn and winter, a large amount of straw such as wheat and corn is burned in the field, resulting in a large amount of heavy smoke, which has not only become a bottleneck in rural environmental protection, but has even become the chief culprit in the urban environment.
From the domestic and international situation, through scientific and technological progress and innovation, we have found many uses for the development and utilization of these farmland wastes, such as straw power generation, straw ethanol, straw building materials, straw returning fertilizer, straw feed, straw vaporization, etc. Increased utilization and utilization of straw.
Straw power generation: Denmark is the first country in the world to use straw to generate electricity. Farmers sell straw to power plants to meet the electricity and heat demand of tens of thousands of households. The power plant reduces the cost of raw materials, and residents receive affordable electricity prices. The burned grass ash also gives the farmers fertilizers without compensation, thus forming a circular economy circle connecting industry and agriculture.
Straw Ethanol: The United States actively promotes the renewable energy industry and uses straw as an emerging alternative fuel (especially biofuel) to extract and extract ethanol for development and utilization, so that the comprehensive recycling of straw has made new development.
Straw building materials: In the United States, there are 24 agricultural states that collect about 45 million tons of straw per year for building houses. It mainly compresses the whole bundle of straw and fills the walls of the new house, thus reducing the consumption of wood by social development and the frequency and extent of fires in the building.
Straw returning and fertilizing: In the agricultural area of ​​Canada, when the corn is ripe, people use the corn harvester to harvest and cut the corn stalks, and the chopped corn stalks are returned to the field as fertilizer to make organic fertilizer.
Straw feed: Feeding livestock as a roughage. For example, corn stalks are one of the raw materials for livestock's main roughage. The test results show that corn stalk contains more than 30% carbohydrate, 2% to 4% protein and 0.5%? 1% fat, either silage or direct feeding.
Straw gasification: using rich straw in rural areas as raw material, after pyrolysis and reduction reaction, it produces flammable gas, which is sent to the farmer's home through the pipe network for cooking and heating.
In addition to the above-mentioned uses, many places in our country have further actively explored and creatively put forward many useful experiences and methods. For example, straw is used for papermaking, and straw-free straw boards, oligosaccharide phytoalexin bio-pesticide , and straw organic fertilizer are produced by using straw. With the in-depth research and development in this field, it is expected to form a new type of agriculture with higher productivity and sustainable development than traditional agricultural labor, with considerable prospects.
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