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Figure 1. (a) and (b): The formation process of Co3C/OLC core-shell nanoparticles; (c) TEM images showing different sizes of Co3C/OLC core-shell nanoparticles; (d) Selected electron diffraction patterns of the particles.
Figure 2. (a) Magnetization curve (MH) of Co3C/OLC core-shell nanoparticles; (b) Excitation-dependent fluorescence emission spectra.
Recently, researchers from the Institute of Solid State Physics at the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, have made significant progress in developing onion-like carbon-coated Co3C/OLC nanoparticles using laser ablation in liquids (LAL) technology. This method allows for the creation of highly crystalline carbon shells, which are known for their superior thermal stability, chemical resistance, and electrical conductivity compared to amorphous carbon coatings.
In addition to the inherent advantages of carbides—such as high mechanical strength, high melting point, and excellent thermal and chemical stability—iron-based transition metal carbides (TMCs) like Co3C also show great potential in magnetic applications, catalysis, and other advanced fields. By coating these materials with a carbon shell, the resulting core-shell structures can maintain strong magnetic properties at room temperature while being resistant to acid corrosion at elevated temperatures. The carbon layer also helps prevent particle aggregation and facilitates surface functionalization, making them ideal for various industrial and scientific uses.
Traditional methods such as chemical vapor deposition or arc discharge often lead to amorphous carbon layers, which lack the structural order needed for optimal performance. However, the LAL technique enables the formation of well-ordered, onion-like carbon layers around the carbide cores. This approach not only improves the material’s physicochemical properties but also reduces energy consumption and avoids the production of harmful byproducts.
Using acetone as a liquid medium, scientists were able to produce Co3C/OLC nanoparticles ranging from 5 to 45 nm in size. The relationship between the nanoparticle diameter and the number of carbon layers follows a specific formula: D³ - (D - 0.34n)³ = 0.19D³, where D represents the nanoparticle diameter and n is the number of carbon layers. These nanomaterials exhibit unique characteristics such as superparamagnetism and tunable fluorescence depending on the excitation wavelength, as shown in Figure 2.
Moreover, the LAL-based synthesis method is simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly. It opens up new possibilities for the scalable production of various carbon-coated carbide nanomaterials.
This groundbreaking research has been published in the prestigious journal *Carbon* (Volume 55, 2013, pages 108–115) and has led to the filing of national invention patents. The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the "Hundred Talents Program" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
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