The bolts connecting the screen box to the steel frame are clamped in place, and the bolt holes are intentionally designed with a larger clearance to ensure that the bolts only experience tensile forces rather than shear forces. This means the bolts primarily bear the pre-tensioning force, pulsating inertial pulling forces, and frictional shear forces. In addition to the clamping bolts on the joint surface, there must also be reamed hole positioning bolts that directly withstand shear forces. These positioning bolts play a critical role in maintaining alignment and preventing misalignment under dynamic loads.
When selecting fasteners, it's essential to ensure they have sufficient yield strength, moderate stiffness, and high toughness, especially for high-strength bolt materials. Typically, these bolts are made from medium carbon steel, such as grade 35, and are heat-treated through quenching and tempering to achieve a sorbite microstructure. This process enhances the overall mechanical properties, including strength, ductility, and impact toughness. The clamping force between the connected parts is achieved through the elastic deformation of both the bolt and the components it connects. Therefore, the bolt should not be overly rigid—moderate rigidity is more important. For example, the bolts used in the Beijing lampblack purifier are not excessively hard; they are designed to provide adequate clamping force while maintaining higher toughness.
Bolts with higher toughness are particularly beneficial under variable loading conditions. They can absorb more energy due to internal friction within the material structure, which helps reduce and eliminate vibrations more effectively. Bolts with moderate or lower rigidity and higher toughness can significantly improve their fatigue resistance. As a result, the selection of bolts should be based on the specific load conditions and the nature of the forces they will encounter, rather than simply choosing the highest-grade bolt available. Higher-grade bolts often come with increased strength, stiffness, and hardness, but these properties can reduce plasticity and toughness, ultimately affecting their fatigue performance. Therefore, it's crucial to balance the mechanical properties according to the application requirements.
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