First, the variety selection
The selection of potato varieties should give priority to the detoxification seed potato. Combined with the actual production of our county, the main choice is to promote the application of the potato series (such as E potato 3, 5, 6, 7, 8) and the potato series (such as potato 1). 3, 5, 7), Mila, Qingfang No. 9, detoxified rice and other brands. In the hilly Pingba area, you can choose the Lachuanchuan series, the Chinese potato series, the sweet potato series, the Feiwurui and other medium and early maturing varieties.
Second, seed potato processing
Before sowing, ensure that the dormant period of the seed potato has passed, it is best to start germination, in order to bud as soon as possible after planting, to achieve high yield. Please remove diseased potatoes and rotten potatoes when planting. In addition to the above-mentioned detoxification pathways, healthy seed potatoes can be effectively realized by purifying and rejuvenating at a higher altitude each year. If the seed potato is larger (40g or more) or not germinated, it can be cut quickly, which can save the seed, break the dormancy and increase the number of main stems (especially for autumn potatoes). The season is high. The seed diced pieces each weigh about 25 grams, and each dicing has a bud eye. The cutter can be sterilized with 0.2% potassium permanganate solution or 75% alcohol when cutting. After dicing, spraying with A. sinensis, Anke Mn, and the like can significantly increase the emergence rate and growth. After the dicing knife is dried and healed, it can be placed in dark and humid conditions for further germination; in the cool and humid place, the germination bed is used for germination. The bed is firstly planted with 5 cm thick grass or sand, and then the seed potato (block) is densely packed. More than 5 cm, then cover 5 to 7 cm thick grass or sand, keep the bed soil moist, bed temperature 16-20 ° C. When the bud length is 0.5-1 cm, the germination is spread, and the seedlings are sown 2 to 3 days before sowing.
Third, the whole land for the box
Winter and spring potatoes should be planted in ridges. The yield of ridges and potatoes is significantly higher than that of non-ridges. The main functions are to facilitate rooting, rapid expansion of potatoes, good and smooth potato shape, drainage and ventilation. The soil should be turned 20-20 cm deep, fine, flat, and ridged. The ridge distance is about 80 cm, the ditch depth is about 12-15 cm, and the ridge top is slightly flat. The ridge surface is ditched, the ditch is 8-10 cm deep, and the width is 25-30 cm. The base fertilizer is applied to the ditch, and then the soil is covered and slightly suppressed. Autumn potato planting should immediately dig the drain after the rice is harvested. The ditch on the ground is 30 cm wide and the ditch is 30 cm deep; the ditch is 30 cm wide, the ditch is 15 cm deep, and the net width is 170 cm. The excavated soil should not be piled on the edge of the ditch, so that the face should be slightly arched to avoid water accumulation.
Fourth, sowing date and planting density
The suitable sowing date for winter and spring potatoes is from December of the current year to February of the next year. Covering with plastic film can be planted 15 days in advance. The planting period of the mountainous area above 800 meters is from February to April. Ditch or dig a hole in the ridge, each row of double ridges, line spacing of about 30 cm, plant spacing of about 30 cm, arranged in phase, more than 5000 plants per mu, 130-200 kg per mu, cover soil 8-10 Centimeter, such as the mulch film after emergence, after the plants have 3 to 4 leaves, the film is exposed at the right time, and the film is broken at the root. The suitable sowing date for autumn potato is from mid-August to early September of that year. The autumn potato is flat, with 5 rows on the box, 35 cm line spacing, 22 cm spacing, and 5 cm lateral thickness. Put the seed potato on the soil surface, the bud eye is close to the soil surface, about 7000 per mu, and the amount of seed potato is appropriately increased. Then evenly cover the straw of 8-10 cm thick, gently tap it, press it, and the straw should cover the entire surface without leaving it blank. It can be intercropped with canola (no-till, can effectively control weeds) and corn.
V. Fertilizer Management
According to the principle of combining organic and inorganic, base fertilizer and topdressing, balanced fertilization is implemented. Organic fertilizers such as human and animal excrement that have not been fermented and decomposed and have not reached the level of harmlessness should not be used. Base fertilizer: Organic fertilizer should be applied before the preparation of the land. Each mu is fully decomposed with more than 2000 kg of manure (or 300 kg of commercial fertilizer), 10 kg of urea, 20 kg of superphosphate and 20 kg of potassium sulfate. If the bottom fertilizer is insufficient, according to the growth condition of the plant, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be used for foliar top dressing 1-2 times, or 10-15 kg per mu of compound fertilizer in the early stage of potato filling. Winter and spring potatoes should be warmed and preserved before emergence, and keep the soil surface moist. If the soil is dry, it should be properly watered. In the spring, it should be drained in time.
6. Pest Control
Potatoes should mainly control diseases such as late blight, bacterial wilt, scab, whitefly and other pests such as aphids and ladybugs. It should be based on comprehensive measures, including the selection of disease-resistant varieties, agronomic measures, removal of impurities, and early harvesting of crops. Late blight should be prevented in advance (before buds or about 45 days after emergence), especially during wet and rainy seasons. Spray with 72% kelu WP, Anopheles sinensis, Anke Mn, etc., once every 7-10 days, even 2-3 times. Potato ladybugs can be controlled with 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate or 73% ketone emulsifiable concentrate. Aphids can be used with 10% locust WP or 2.5% bifenthyl emulsifiable concentrate. Scab and pink rickets can be controlled by disease-resistant variety selection and neutral or acid-soil soil cultivation.
Seven, harvesting and storage
Potato is usually harvested for 100-150 days, the stems and leaves are yellowish, the leaves of the base have been withered, and the stems are shrinking and can be harvested. Harvesting should be carried out on sunny, cool, dew-free conditions. The spraying of the chemical was stopped 7 days before the harvest. After harvest, it should be placed in a cool place, and spread for 2-3 days to prevent exposure and rain. The use of scattered light (to avoid direct or complete darkness) storage of potatoes (especially seed potatoes) has been widely proven to be an effective measure to control bud growth. Due to the lack of cold storage facilities in the vast rural areas, ventilated storage of scattered light is an effective method.
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