Research on the motion of single particle in the spring particle model
The yield stress distribution remains aligned with the bevel of the stiffener, and the web extends toward the beam's end plate in a triangular shape. The column web experiences a more rapid increase in stress at the lowest row of bolts. Meanwhile, the stress on the stiffener also rises gradually. Once all stiffeners have yielded, the plastic zone in the web near the shear area and the beam end plate becomes more extensive.
The beam end plates and the locally thickened regions of the column flanges remain flat without noticeable bending. The first and second rows of bolts exhibit significant plastic deformation, and the beam end plate rotates considerably around the intersection point between the flange and the end plate. As the load increases, the yielding region fully develops and spreads into adjacent areas. The lower flange of the beam undergoes considerable deformation, and local warping begins to occur.
The material used is Q235 steel, which provides good ductility and plastic deformation capability. However, the plasticity of high-strength bolts is significantly reduced. The development of plasticity in these bolts indicates that the joint has reached its failure state. Therefore, when the high-strength bolts reach their maximum yield stress, the joint is considered invalid. Since this analysis is based on an approximate simulation, the results should only serve as a reference for evaluating certain parameters, such as the elastic ultimate load capacity and the stress distribution within the components.
It’s important to note that while the simulation gives valuable insights, it doesn’t account for all real-world factors like material imperfections, residual stresses, or dynamic loading conditions. Engineers must always consider these aspects when making design decisions. Additionally, further experimental validation would help confirm the accuracy of the simulation findings. Understanding the behavior of joints under extreme loading conditions is crucial for ensuring structural safety and reliability.
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