Nitrocellulose, also known as cellulose nitrate, is a white or yellowish fibrous material that dissolves in acetone. It is a polymer with a high molecular weight, and its chemical formula can be represented as C6H7O2(ONO2)a(OH)3-an, where 'a' refers to the degree of esterification and 'n' represents the degree of polymerization. The level of nitrification is commonly indicated by the percentage of nitrogen in the compound. Nitrocellulose is highly flammable and can be explosive, depending on the extent of nitrification. When the nitrogen content exceeds 12.5%, it becomes extremely dangerous and can ignite easily when exposed to fire. Additionally, if the temperature rises above 40°C, it may decompose rapidly and even catch fire spontaneously. On the Other hand, nitrocellulose with a nitrogen content below 12.5% is more stable under normal conditions, but over time or when exposed to heat, it can gradually decompose and release acidic compounds. This decomposition can lower its ignition point and still pose a risk of spontaneous combustion. Therefore, proper storage and handling are crucial to prevent accidents involving this sensitive material.
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