Car maintenance includes oil and filter replacement and cleaning of engine systems (oil, gear oil, brake oil, self-changing oil, booster oil, antifreeze, glass water, battery water, machine filter, steam filter, air filter) , air conditioning filter, etc., replacement of car wearing parts such as belts, spark plugs, batteries, tires, brake pads, ball heads, clutch plates, shock absorbers, etc., car beauty (car wash, external paint care, interior trim Nursing, etc.). Normal car maintenance can maintain the performance of the vehicle and extend its service life. The following is a brief introduction to the maintenance methods for automotive consumables.
Spark plug
The service life of the spark plug is usually 15000km, and the service life of the long-acting spark plug is 30,000km. The function of the spark plug is to introduce the pulsed high voltage electricity generated by the ignition coil into the combustion chamber, and the electric spark generated by the electrode ignites the mixed gas to complete the combustion. The model of a domestic spark plug consists of three parts of numbers or letters. The front number indicates the thread diameter, such as the number 1, which means the thread diameter is 10mm. The middle letter indicates the length of the spark plug screwed into the cylinder section; the last digit indicates the thermal type of the spark plug: 1-3 is hot type, 5, 6 is Medium, 7 or more is cold. The "gap" of the spark plug is its main working technical index. If the clearance is too large, the high voltage generated by the ignition coil and the distributor is difficult to skip, which makes the engine start difficult. If the gap is too small, the spark will be weak and the leakage will occur easily.
There are two common faults in spark plugs: severe ablation of the spark plug, smashing of the top of the spark plug, destruction or melting of the electrode, and ablation indicate that the spark plug has been destroyed and should be replaced. There are deposits in the spark plug. Sediment is sometimes stuck between the top of the spark plug insulator and the electrode. In severe cases, the engine may not work. For example, the cleaning spark plug can be temporarily remedied, but the root cause of the fault must be ascertained.
2. Fire line
When the heavy-duty engine parts are running at http://, there are often tens of thousands of volts of high-voltage pulse current on the ignition line. Because it works in high temperature, dusty and vibrating environment for a long time, it will inevitably be aging or even damaged. Therefore, like the spark plug, it is also a consumable that needs to be replaced frequently. If the ignition coil is used improperly, it will cause damage to the ignition coil. Therefore, pay attention to the following points: Prevent the ignition coil from being heated or damp; do not open the ignition switch when the engine is not running; often check, clean, tighten the line connector to avoid short circuit or Grounding; control engine performance to prevent excessive voltage; spark plugs must not be "suspended" for a long time; the moisture on the ignition coil can only be wiped dry with a cloth, and must not be baked with fire, otherwise the ignition coil will be damaged.
3. Brake disc
The brake disc and the brake shoe are a pair of friction pairs. The brake shoes are worn and the brake disc is also worn. This is very simple, but many people only pay attention to changing the shoes when maintaining the vehicle. However, it is often overlooked to replace the brake disc. The consequences of excessive wear on the brake disc are very serious. Generally speaking, after the brake shoe has been replaced 2-3 times, the brake disc should also be replaced. Don't feel bad about these hundreds of dollars. After all, human life is priceless.
4. Generator bearing
Many repairmen are now dubbed "loaders", meaning that they will only be replaced and will not be repaired. In fact, some components can be greatly extended as long as they are maintained as required, and the generator is one of them. Generally speaking, when the vehicle is driving 50,000-80,000 km, the generator should be inspected. In addition, the bearings of the water pump, the steering assist pump and the air-conditioning compressor should also be inspected regularly.
5. Chassis components: From the point of view of use, the chassis components are actually more prone to problems than the engine, but in routine maintenance, many people often overlook the inspection of the chassis components. The parts of the chassis that are prone to failure are mainly concentrated in:
Shock absorber: Oil leakage is a precursor to damage to the shock absorber. In addition, the bump on the bad road surface is obviously increased or the braking distance is long. It is also a sign of shock absorber damage.
Suspension control arm rubber sleeve: After the rubber sleeve is damaged, the vehicle will have a series of faults such as deviation and swing, even if it is done in four-wheel positioning. If the chassis is carefully inspected, the rubber sleeve damage is easy to find.
Steering lever: Steering lever slack is a serious safety hazard, so be sure to check this part carefully during routine maintenance. The practice is simple: hold the lever and shake it vigorously. If it is not shaking, it means everything is normal. Otherwise, the ball or lever assembly should be replaced.
Exhaust pipe: The exhaust pipe is one of the most vulnerable parts of the car bottom. Don't forget to take a look during the inspection. In particular, the exhaust pipe with a three-way catalytic converter should be carefully inspected.
Universal joint dust jacket: Don't underestimate the dust jacket outside the universal joint. It not only has dustproof effect, but also prevents grease loss around the universal joint. Once the dust jacket is damaged, the grease will soon be greased. Loss, due to dry grinding, the universal joint is easily damaged.
6. Tires: Pay attention to regular tire replacement. A group of tires can be used for a long time. It can't be used for a lifetime. Some people work hard, the frequency of use of the car is low. After a few years of use, the surface of the tread pattern is intact. However, in fact, the performance of the tire will gradually age with the increase of the age, and the quality will gradually decrease. If you don't know this, you think that the "good looks on the surface" means that the tire is ok. That is the wrong view.
When maintaining the tires, first remove the inclusions such as stones in the tread, check the tire for bubbling, delamination, laceration, smashing, aging, etc. Secondly, when removing the tire, rust the rim, check the inner tube and The lining is provided with no damage or wrinkles, and is inflated according to the specified air pressure to perform tire flanging or transposition. In addition, check the tire and the wing plate, the car floor, the leaf spring, the fender, etc. for frictional collision.
7. Battery: The battery is the key in the electrical system. In modern cars, a large number of electrical devices are used, and the battery is not working properly, which will affect the performance of many devices. For example, in an automobile of an automatic transmission, if the battery is not normal, the car will not be able to start. Therefore, a stable power supply must always be obtained.
When checking the battery level, it is considered appropriate if the liquid level is between the upper and lower engraved lines. At the same time, the liquid level difference of each tank should also be checked. If the liquid level is insufficient, you can unscrew the lid on the battery and pour distilled water to make up the liquid level. Check the battery terminals and use an iron brush to remove dirt from the terminals. If the wiring clamp is heavily soiled, use sandpaper to rub along the inner wall to remove dirt.
8. Brake pad: Usually we will judge whether the brake warning light on the instrument panel is on as the basis for the brake shoe change, but this is the final bottom line. If it is changed at this time, it is quite dangerous.
To remind you that although all vehicles have such warning systems, some directly sense the thickness of the brake shoes, while others are completely worn after the brake shoes have been completely worn, so the brake fluid is extremely lowered, so that the warning lights are bright. Start. If it is the latter, wait until the warning light is on, the metal base of the brake pad and the brake disc are already in the iron-iron state. At this time, the bright iron filings will be seen near the edge of the rim. Therefore, check the brake pads for each time you enter the factory and replace the brake pads near the end of life, instead of just trusting the warning lights.
Spark plug
The service life of the spark plug is usually 15000km, and the service life of the long-acting spark plug is 30,000km. The function of the spark plug is to introduce the pulsed high voltage electricity generated by the ignition coil into the combustion chamber, and the electric spark generated by the electrode ignites the mixed gas to complete the combustion. The model of a domestic spark plug consists of three parts of numbers or letters. The front number indicates the thread diameter, such as the number 1, which means the thread diameter is 10mm. The middle letter indicates the length of the spark plug screwed into the cylinder section; the last digit indicates the thermal type of the spark plug: 1-3 is hot type, 5, 6 is Medium, 7 or more is cold. The "gap" of the spark plug is its main working technical index. If the clearance is too large, the high voltage generated by the ignition coil and the distributor is difficult to skip, which makes the engine start difficult. If the gap is too small, the spark will be weak and the leakage will occur easily.
There are two common faults in spark plugs: severe ablation of the spark plug, smashing of the top of the spark plug, destruction or melting of the electrode, and ablation indicate that the spark plug has been destroyed and should be replaced. There are deposits in the spark plug. Sediment is sometimes stuck between the top of the spark plug insulator and the electrode. In severe cases, the engine may not work. For example, the cleaning spark plug can be temporarily remedied, but the root cause of the fault must be ascertained.
2. Fire line
When the heavy-duty engine parts are running at http://, there are often tens of thousands of volts of high-voltage pulse current on the ignition line. Because it works in high temperature, dusty and vibrating environment for a long time, it will inevitably be aging or even damaged. Therefore, like the spark plug, it is also a consumable that needs to be replaced frequently. If the ignition coil is used improperly, it will cause damage to the ignition coil. Therefore, pay attention to the following points: Prevent the ignition coil from being heated or damp; do not open the ignition switch when the engine is not running; often check, clean, tighten the line connector to avoid short circuit or Grounding; control engine performance to prevent excessive voltage; spark plugs must not be "suspended" for a long time; the moisture on the ignition coil can only be wiped dry with a cloth, and must not be baked with fire, otherwise the ignition coil will be damaged.
3. Brake disc
The brake disc and the brake shoe are a pair of friction pairs. The brake shoes are worn and the brake disc is also worn. This is very simple, but many people only pay attention to changing the shoes when maintaining the vehicle. However, it is often overlooked to replace the brake disc. The consequences of excessive wear on the brake disc are very serious. Generally speaking, after the brake shoe has been replaced 2-3 times, the brake disc should also be replaced. Don't feel bad about these hundreds of dollars. After all, human life is priceless.
4. Generator bearing
Many repairmen are now dubbed "loaders", meaning that they will only be replaced and will not be repaired. In fact, some components can be greatly extended as long as they are maintained as required, and the generator is one of them. Generally speaking, when the vehicle is driving 50,000-80,000 km, the generator should be inspected. In addition, the bearings of the water pump, the steering assist pump and the air-conditioning compressor should also be inspected regularly.
5. Chassis components: From the point of view of use, the chassis components are actually more prone to problems than the engine, but in routine maintenance, many people often overlook the inspection of the chassis components. The parts of the chassis that are prone to failure are mainly concentrated in:
Shock absorber: Oil leakage is a precursor to damage to the shock absorber. In addition, the bump on the bad road surface is obviously increased or the braking distance is long. It is also a sign of shock absorber damage.
Suspension control arm rubber sleeve: After the rubber sleeve is damaged, the vehicle will have a series of faults such as deviation and swing, even if it is done in four-wheel positioning. If the chassis is carefully inspected, the rubber sleeve damage is easy to find.
Steering lever: Steering lever slack is a serious safety hazard, so be sure to check this part carefully during routine maintenance. The practice is simple: hold the lever and shake it vigorously. If it is not shaking, it means everything is normal. Otherwise, the ball or lever assembly should be replaced.
Exhaust pipe: The exhaust pipe is one of the most vulnerable parts of the car bottom. Don't forget to take a look during the inspection. In particular, the exhaust pipe with a three-way catalytic converter should be carefully inspected.
Universal joint dust jacket: Don't underestimate the dust jacket outside the universal joint. It not only has dustproof effect, but also prevents grease loss around the universal joint. Once the dust jacket is damaged, the grease will soon be greased. Loss, due to dry grinding, the universal joint is easily damaged.
6. Tires: Pay attention to regular tire replacement. A group of tires can be used for a long time. It can't be used for a lifetime. Some people work hard, the frequency of use of the car is low. After a few years of use, the surface of the tread pattern is intact. However, in fact, the performance of the tire will gradually age with the increase of the age, and the quality will gradually decrease. If you don't know this, you think that the "good looks on the surface" means that the tire is ok. That is the wrong view.
When maintaining the tires, first remove the inclusions such as stones in the tread, check the tire for bubbling, delamination, laceration, smashing, aging, etc. Secondly, when removing the tire, rust the rim, check the inner tube and The lining is provided with no damage or wrinkles, and is inflated according to the specified air pressure to perform tire flanging or transposition. In addition, check the tire and the wing plate, the car floor, the leaf spring, the fender, etc. for frictional collision.
7. Battery: The battery is the key in the electrical system. In modern cars, a large number of electrical devices are used, and the battery is not working properly, which will affect the performance of many devices. For example, in an automobile of an automatic transmission, if the battery is not normal, the car will not be able to start. Therefore, a stable power supply must always be obtained.
When checking the battery level, it is considered appropriate if the liquid level is between the upper and lower engraved lines. At the same time, the liquid level difference of each tank should also be checked. If the liquid level is insufficient, you can unscrew the lid on the battery and pour distilled water to make up the liquid level. Check the battery terminals and use an iron brush to remove dirt from the terminals. If the wiring clamp is heavily soiled, use sandpaper to rub along the inner wall to remove dirt.
8. Brake pad: Usually we will judge whether the brake warning light on the instrument panel is on as the basis for the brake shoe change, but this is the final bottom line. If it is changed at this time, it is quite dangerous.
To remind you that although all vehicles have such warning systems, some directly sense the thickness of the brake shoes, while others are completely worn after the brake shoes have been completely worn, so the brake fluid is extremely lowered, so that the warning lights are bright. Start. If it is the latter, wait until the warning light is on, the metal base of the brake pad and the brake disc are already in the iron-iron state. At this time, the bright iron filings will be seen near the edge of the rim. Therefore, check the brake pads for each time you enter the factory and replace the brake pads near the end of life, instead of just trusting the warning lights.
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