United States
A number of breakthroughs have been made in the fields of nanomaterials, biomaterials, metallic materials, and non-metallic materials.
Tian Tianshu (Reporter in the United States) In the field of nanomaterials, researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology of the United States have developed a multi-walled carbon nanotube material by adopting a unique sandwich structure on the nanoscale. A thickness of less than one-hundredth of the diameter of human hair can substantially reduce the flammability of foamed products. The National Linear Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University have cooperated to reveal the superconducting mechanism of graphene intercalation composites for the first time, and discovered that a potential process can make graphene, the “king of materials†with broad application prospects, get people’s dreams. Superconducting performance. Pennsylvania State University students produce ultra-fine "diamond nanowires" whose cores are connected by the basic unit structure of diamonds - carbon atoms are connected end to end in a triangular tetrahedral structure surrounded by a layer of hydrogen atoms, such diamond nanowires Both strength and hardness surpass the current strongest nanotubes and polymeric materials. Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have teamed up to create 3D technology objects smaller than 25 nanometers. The researchers implanted tiny metal nano-"seeds" in carefully designed different three-dimensional DNA modules and inspired them to grow into a module. The same dimension of cubic nanoparticles. This is the first time that according to the specified three-dimensional shape, an inorganic nanoparticle of only 25 nanometers or less has been created with an error of less than 5 nanometers.
In the field of biomaterials, MIT synthesizes active biomaterials containing biological components and non-biological components, in which living cells can react to the environment and produce complex biomolecules that can conduct or emit light. Rice University's Nanophotonics Laboratory has developed a new color display technology that can display vivid red, blue, and green colors, and has taken a key step toward making "squid skin" metamaterials. Such materials can perceive the color of the surrounding environment and automatically change their colors to blend in with the surrounding environment to achieve the perfect optical camouflage that people have been waiting for for a long time.
In terms of metallic materials, US-China scientists have discovered that by pretreating a steel called twin-inducing plasticity (TWIP) steel, the strength and toughness of steel can be broken and only a balanced balance can be achieved. Strength and toughness, with this technology is also expected to produce better performance steel.
In terms of non-metallic materials, the George Washington University Propulsion and Nanotechnology Laboratory created a new supercapacitor by combining two monoatomic-thick carbon structures, its hybrid graphene sheets and single-walled carbon nanotubes. Complementary, this device combines high performance and low cost. U.S. scientists have successfully "blended" silicon and non-silicon materials and developed a nanowire transistor with a three-dimensional structure that can integrate silicon and non-silicon materials into an integrated circuit. This technology is expected to help silicon materials break the bottleneck. To pave the way for faster, more stable electronics and photonic device manufacturing. American scientists have also developed a new type of ceramic material that is formed by the interdigitation of nanometer struts that bend under pressure, but then recovers its shape, making it one of the strongest and lightest materials ever.
In addition, a number of research institutes in the United States have cooperated with each other and based on the nano-microgrid, the “structure bearing†has been deepened to the microscopic scale, resulting in extremely transparent and sturdy materials with the advantages of high hardness, high strength, and ultra-low density. The method can also be applied to metals, high-polymer materials, etc., and it is expected that the same weight of material will be refreshed in terms of hardness.
United Kingdom
The application of graphene research is still leading, and new research and application of new materials have made new achievements.
Liu Haiying (Reporter in the UK) in the field of graphene. In September, Cambridge University scientists developed the world’s first graphene-based flexible display, proving that graphene can be used to fabricate transistor-based flexible devices; the same month, the University of Manchester The researchers used hexagonal boron nitride, a two-dimensional material called "white graphene," to layer and synthesize a graphene material containing a hexagonal boron nitride interlayer. This material has the function of storing electron energy and momentum, and may be used as a manufacturing tool in the future. The material of the new generation transistor is preferred.
Research on other novel materials: In March, the University of London used a combination of crystal violet and methylene blue dyes and gold nanoparticles to develop a new type of photoactive antibacterial material that can not only kill bacteria under light conditions. The effect also has a good antibacterial effect in a dark environment. In July, the British Surrey Nanosystems Co., Ltd. used carbon nanotubes 10,000 times thinner than hair to produce the "darkest" material on aluminum foil, reflecting only 0.035% of the light, to the extent that the naked eye could not discriminate. The material's thermal conductivity is 7.5 times that of copper and its tensile strength is 10 times that of steel, creating a new record. In September, the University of Southampton developed an ultra-thin material called molybdenum disulfide that, in addition to its excellent electrical conductivity and superb hardness, it also has luminescent properties and is expected to become a powerful challenger for graphene.
Germany
Successfully developed new materials such as artificial bone marrow, ionic liquid polymer smart films, and steel-aluminum mixed compounds.
Li Shan (Journal reporter in Germany) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and other development of artificial bone marrow. Compared with the standard cell culture method, more stem cells in the artificial bone marrow retain their special properties, providing new prospects for the treatment of leukemia. The German Institute of Bioprocess and Analytical Measurement Technology developed a microfluidic chip based on photosensitive glass. This nanostructured cell carrier system plays a key role in the production of artificial tissue.
The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology uses 3D laser lithography to develop porous and non-solid housing structures that are lighter in weight than water and that are more load-bearing than steel. Since then, the Academy has succeeded in developing a polymer material that can be constructed with sub-micron precision crystal structures so that the fingers or measuring instruments cannot sense objects hidden in them.
The Leibniz Institute for Condensed Matter and Materials produced single-atom-thickness iron layers in unsupported graphene pores. This new material has some potentially useful and novel properties, such as large magnetic moments. Heidelberg University used chemical methods to successfully separate a stable gold carbene complex, and for the first time directly studied the unstable double bond gold carbon in other situations. The University of Munich used superconductivity of iron selenide (FeSe) and ferromagnetic lithium hydroxide-iron (Li, Fe) OH layers to synthesize ferromagnetic superconducting compounds suitable for chemical modification.
Leibniz Polymer Research Institute developed a new waterproof and oil-repellent polymer film. Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, etc. invented a transient-responsive ionic liquid polymer smart film. It has a unique chemical composition and pore structure, and when "smell" to a small amount of organic solvent in the air, rapid curling motion occurs within 0.1 second. Heidelberg University and others have successfully developed a supporting lipid monolayer and gallium nitride nanostructures. The protein binding on this hybrid biofilm can be detected using electrochemical charge sensors.
The University of Kiel has successfully used organic palladium as a reaction catalyst for the first time to incorporate organic tin into semiconducting polymers. This new polymer can increase the spectral absorption range. The University of Marburg and others have developed asymmetric catalysts for photochemical reactions. Provides a new way for efficient, green asymmetric synthesis.
The University of Kiel further studied metallic glass materials and explained the reason why liquid metal alloys solidify into glass, ie, disordered atomic stacking structures. The Fraunhofer Institute for Materials and Beam Technology (IWS) developed steel-aluminum mixed compounds. University of Bremen and others found that nanodiamond can effectively kill bacteria like silver and copper. Its bactericidal properties are related to a specific oxygen-containing group called acid anhydride on the surface. The German Institute of Electron Synchrotron (DESY) and others have developed a new super abrasion resistant cellulose fiber that can be used for wind turbine blades in the future.
Russia
For the first time in the world, the use of absorbable blood vessel stents, the development of artificial materials that can produce cartilage tissue, and the development of composite coatings with anti-eavesdropping capabilities.
Yan Kewei (Newspaper reporter in Russia) In March, the first use of absorbable blood vessel stents in the world. This kind of stent can restore the blood flow of the blocked coronary artery like a metal stent and deliver the drug to the affected area. After the treatment is completed, the stent is automatically absorbed. Only two pairs of tiny metal markers are left in the blood vessel to help the doctor to indicate the surgical site. Assist in monitoring the future condition of the diseased blood vessels. This bioresorbable stent is made of polylactic acid, and the blood vessels treated in this way can maintain normal function and elasticity because they do not contain hard metal implants.
In cooperation with the Institute of Biology and Basic Medicine and the Institute of Circulation and Pathology of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Siberian Branch, we used electrospinning technology to produce artificial materials that can be used to replace coronary blood vessels and to create cartilage tissue that promotes cell growth. The technology can obtain fibers with a diameter of 10 nanometers to several micrometers from a polymer solution; other elements can be added to the materials to dissolve the two polymers or drugs together to meet the performance requirements of medical materials.
Researchers at the Tomsk-based Radiation Protection company, a subsidiary of the Tomsk National University in Russia, invented a coating made of composite materials. The room that uses the coating has a strong anti-eavesdropping function. This kind of coating is a mixed powder of microwave ferrite and different content of nano-carbon. The coating absorbs or reflects radiation according to different components. If the carbon nano-content is low, almost complete absorption of radiation can be achieved; if the carbon nano-content is high, the coating can reflect radiation. This kind of coating can make the room more secure and nobody can hear it.
France
Developed nanotube sponges that can absorb contaminants, high-conductivity organic metal materials, and a new crystalline form "Ice 16".
Li Hongce (Journalist in France) In February, researchers from Nantes University worked with Italy to develop carbon nanotube sponges that can absorb pollutants such as fertilizers, pesticides, and medicines in water. The purification efficiency is three times that of previous methods. After doping sulfur, it can also improve the ability to absorb oil, can be used for industrial accidents and oil spill clean-up. Carbon nanotubes are hollow "microtubules" formed by winding a hexagonal lattice similar to a graphite structure. The porous structure of carbon nanotubes designed by French and Italian researchers can float on the water surface. Once the adsorption oil is saturated, it can be easily removed, and it can be reused only by pressing and releasing the oil.
In August, the University of Strasbourg's research team developed a highly conductive organic metal material. The material is a one-dimensional supramolecular polymer composed of a stack of a large number of 3-aminotriarylamine (TATA) molecules, and has high electrical conductivity, light weight, and softness. Organic metal is low in cost, easy to produce, and can be used once. It can avoid the pollution caused by a large amount of electronic waste. It can be used as an alternative to metal and other inorganic materials used in electronic devices.
In September, the European joint research team of Aix-Marseille University successfully synthesized the two-dimensional material terpene. The material consists of a single layer of germanium atoms and is a rugged, two-dimensional topological insulator that can be used at room temperature for the fabrication of future quantum computing devices.
In December, French and German researchers created a new crystalline form of water "Ice 16". This result can be used in the future to solve the problems encountered in energy production, transportation and storage. This is the first time that scientists have directly quantified the interaction of water molecules and gas molecules in the laboratory, which helps to further understand gas hydrates, which is of great significance for geological and chemical research.
Canada
Developed advanced "invisible" camouflage fabrics and designed nano-fiber cables that can significantly reduce consumption.
Feng Weidong (Reporter of the newspaper in Canada) Hyperstealth Biotech Company developed an advanced camouflage fabric that could make soldiers "invisible" in the future. This "quantum invisible" camouflage fabric can bend the surrounding light waves to achieve invisibility.
Electronic engineers at the University of Alberta have succeeded in designing nanofiber cables that can replace copper wires in computer chips, which can significantly increase the speed of calculations and reduce the energy consumption of electronic devices. The researchers designed a new class of non-metal metamaterials that confine light waves to nanofibers without generating heat, weakening signals, or losing data. Researchers will create metamaterials on silicon chips to surpass current lightwave limiting strategies used in the industry.
AeroVelo has designed a new type of bicycle Eta that combines aerodynamics and transmission systems to break the current fastest speed record of 133.8km/h. Eta's housing is made of carbon fiber, and the internal frame is a carbon fiber composite. The vehicle weighs only 20.4 kilograms.
One company developed aluminum alloy deep-sea diving equipment that allows professional divers to compete with great water pressure and explore more freely at the bottom of the sea. The deep-sea diving device is made of aluminum alloy and is equipped with 18 articulated rotary joints to allow the diver's hands, feet and head to keep flexible activities and counteract huge water pressure.
Concordia University has developed a smart garment that changes the color and appearance of the clothes as the wearer moves. The "Kama Chameleon" project woven the electronic fibers into the clothes to store the energy of the body so that the clothes can be charged to the mobile phone.
Korea
According to market demand, continue to deepen the field of applied materials and make breakthroughs in the materials available for solar cells and wearable electronic devices.
Xue Yan (Reporter in Korea) In February, Zhao Jiyuan, a professor at the Department of Chemical Engineering of Pohang University of Technology, proposed the principle of organic solar cell film formation for the first time, and successfully developed an efficiency increase compared to the existing organic solar cell. More than 20% of solar cells.
In April, a technology for the repeated synthesis of monocrystalline graphene on a semiconductor wafer was developed. If the technology is further developed, semiconductors capable of processing more than 10 times faster than today will be produced in the next five years, and it is expected to develop in advance a large amount of flexible papers that can be folded two or three times or bent and pocketed. Display and wearable computer.
Japan
Developed the world's most heat-resistant bioplastics, high-strength medical gels, and more rare earth-saving magnet manufacturing technology.
Ge Jin (Journalist in Japan) Researchers from the Hokuriku University of Science and Technology and the University of Tsukuba used genetically modified coliform to produce a hard-structured cinnamon bark and processed it using photochemical methods to create the world’s most successful Heat-resistant bioplastics. The substance is expected to become a substitute for metal and glass in automotive and electrical components in the future.
Researchers at the University of Tokyo have successfully developed a high-strength medical gel that does not swell even when placed in water. This substance can be used in the future to manufacture medical instruments such as artificial cartilage and play a role in stem cell therapy.
Researchers at Ritsumeikan University have developed a low-cost deep ultraviolet light emitter that uses an LED light source and will replace the currently used mercury lamp as a new light source for sterilization.
Researchers at the Industrial Technology Research Institute reacted with alcohol, the main component of sand, and successfully produced tetraethoxysilane, the main raw material for the silicon chemical industry. This new technology is not only highly efficient, but it is also relatively simple due to its direct synthesis and may have a major impact on the future silicon chemical industry.
Researchers at Kyushu University have developed a new process that greatly reduces the use of platinum in fuel cells by reducing the platinum particle diameter as a catalyst and its solidification density on solid surfaces, reaching a current one-tenth. The emergence of this result means that the future cost of fuel cells may be greatly reduced.
Researchers at the Material Materials Research Institute have successfully synthesized a new magnetite compound, NdFe12Nx, which uses less rare earth and has superior magnetic force compared to the neodymium magnets currently used in hybrid motor drive motors. characteristic.
Israel
The application of nanomaterials focused on advanced medical technology, cracked the mechanism of the retina to promote the invention of new photographic film, discovered rare chemical materials, and used new particle materials to design quantum computers.
Feng Zhiwen (Journalist in Israel) Hebrew University scientists use nanotechnology to invent new photographic film, which makes it possible to manufacture artificial retinas based on this new nanomaterial.
The researchers at Ben-Gurion University proposed a new quantum computer model. Their design utilizes recently discovered Majurana particles and their unique interaction with light. New solid state originals can store and process quantum information, and its controllability. Better than current other materials.
Barilan University researchers invented nanobots that can treat cancer. This nanobot can be injected into a patient. It can recognize and kill cancer cells without affecting healthy cells. So far, robots can identify dozens of types of cancer, including leukemia and solid tumors. This robot can also help check insulin levels in patients with epilepsy and diabetes.
A cross-discipline research group at the Israeli Institute of Technology first discovered the optical mechanism of retinal glial cells, which has explored a new path for improving vision. The study found that the human retina is not only a photoelectric conversion system that captures information, but also a complex optical structure.
Researchers at the University of Tel Aviv use nanotechnology to treat resistant ovarian tumors. This new nano-drug delivery system uses specific nanoparticle clusters to guide and deliver chemotherapeutic drugs that accumulate on specific tumor cells and produce significant results.
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