The disease at the seedling stage refers to the disease that can occur in all vegetable types during the seedling raising period of vegetables, and the most serious damage is caused by fruits and solanaceous fruits. There are mainly rickets, blight, and roots, which are common and serious diseases on the seedling bed during seedlings, which can cause dead seedlings. When severe, seedlings die in pieces.
Hazard: The disease is caused by the germination of the seeds until the seedlings are unearthed, resulting in rotten seeds and rotten buds. Seedlings that were unearthed soon are most susceptible to disease. The watery ulcer-like yellow-brown lesions appeared at the base of the seedlings of the seedlings, and the diseased part collapsed into a linear shape after rapid expansion. The seedlings are very fast, and the seedlings are folded down to the ground before the cotyledons have withered. The seedlings that have just been folded are still green, so they are called squatting. The onset of the seedling bed is mostly sporadic, forming a disease center, rapidly expanding to the surrounding area, and finally causing a piece of seedlings. When the seedbed is humid, the surface of the diseased seedlings and the surface of the nearby soil sometimes grow a layer of white flocculent mold, and finally the diseased seedlings are rotted or dried. The disease on the seedbed expands faster. The blight disease usually occurs after a period of emergence, and an oval-shaped brown spot is formed at the base of the seedling stem. The lesion is gradually sag, and the stem is wrapped around the stem for a week, causing the diseased part to shrink and dry up. At the beginning of the disease, the seedlings are wilting, and then they gradually die. The dead seedlings stand up and do not fall, so they are called blight. When the seedbed is humid, there is often sparse, pale brown spider silky mildew on the bed near the seedling, and the disease on the seedbed expands slowly.
The roots of the roots can be found on the seedlings that have just been unearthed to a certain extent. When the roots of the roots occur, the growth of the stems and leaves of the seedlings is inhibited, the leaves gradually yellow, no new leaves are produced, and the seedlings are easily pulled out from the soil, and no new roots or adventitious roots are found in the roots. The root bark is rust brown and gradually decays and dry. When the seedlings are wilting, they die. The law of onset: rickets, pathogens overwinter in the soil, survive in the soil for 2 to 3 years. The germs are spread by running water, contaminated fertilizers, agricultural implements, and the like. When the seedlings were just unearthed, the plants were young, the nutrients in the cotyledons had been used up, the true leaves did not grow, the new roots were not solid, and the disease resistance was the weakest, which was also the period when the seedlings were most susceptible to infection. At this time, if there is a cold current attack or continuous low temperature, rainy (snow) weather, the seedbed insulation is not well done, and the disease will be outbreaked and the loss will be heavy. Larger seedlings, such as large temperature changes, insufficient light, seedlings are slender and thin, disease resistance is reduced, and blight is also prone to occur. In addition, the soil is sticky, the seeding is too dense, the seedlings are not timely, the watering is too much, and the ventilation is poor. The seedlings with unsterilized bed soil tend to aggravate the occurrence and spread of the disease. Roots are a kind of physiological disease. Because of the long-term low temperature and high humidity of the seedbed, the roots of the seedlings are in anoxic state, the breathing is blocked, the growth is not normal, the root absorption capacity is reduced and the physiological function is destroyed.
Prevention:
1. Strengthen seedbed management. Use sterile new soil for bed soil, preferably for large field soil. The seedbed should be flat and the soil should be fine. Fertilizer should be fully decomposed and spread evenly. The seeds should be selected, the germination should not be too long, and the seeding should not be too dense. Different types of seedlings have different temperature requirements. Seedlings such as cucumber, eggplant, and pepper should be kept at a relatively low temperature; for seedlings such as cabbage, celery, and onion, the temperature should be kept low. Strictly control the humidity, properly pour the bottom water, try not to water the water after emergence, you must choose to spray on sunny days when watering, avoid flooding. Strengthen ventilation and promote the healthy growth of seedlings.
2. Seed bed disinfection. The old bed soil is treated with chemicals. Generally, 10 days before sowing, the bed soil is loosened, and the bed soil is sprayed with 50% bacteriostatic 1000 times liquid. Then, it is covered with a sack or a film for 4 to 5 days, and then the cover is removed. After 2 weeks, the drug solution is sufficiently volatilized and then sown. 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 8 to 10 grams per square meter, mix 1 kilogram of fine soil, sow the seedlings, then row and then plant.
3. Control of seedlings in the seedling stage. When a small number of diseased plants are found, the diseased plants should be removed and then sprayed with medicine. The type of agent selected depends on the type of disease. For the prevention and treatment of rickets, use 25% metalaxyl 800 times solution, 64% anti-virus 500 preparation liquid, or 50% metalaxyl manganese zinc 500 times solution or 72.2% Plex 800 times solution. Blight disease can occur, 50% carbendazim 500 times solution, or 50% thiophanate 500 times solution, or 20% methyl chlorhexate 1000 times solution, the above agents 5 to 7 days, continuous spraying 2 ~ 3 times.
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