Abstract: Moisture, heat, and time are the three key factors that significantly influence the quenching and tempering process in feed pellet production. When water and heat levels are stable, the duration of the quenching and tempering step becomes crucial in determining the final quality of the pellets. Efficient quenching and tempering is essential to ensure high-quality feed products and meet modern industry standards.
Keywords: quenching and tempering; moisture; heat; quenching and tempering time; fullness; starch gelatinization degree
1. The Three Elements of Tempering
Quenching and tempering is a hydrothermal treatment applied before the pelleting process in feed manufacturing. This step plays a vital role in enhancing pellet quality, improving the durability of the feed, increasing nutrient digestibility, reducing energy consumption during pelleting, and eliminating harmful bacteria. Studies from both domestic and international sources highlight its importance in determining the overall quality of feed pellets. As market demands for higher quality feed increase, more attention is being given to optimizing the quenching and tempering process. Upgrading or improving quenching and tempering equipment has become a key strategy for feed manufacturers to enhance product quality and strengthen their competitive edge.
The main purpose of quenching and tempering is to gelatinize the raw starch present in the feed ingredients. This is achieved through a combination of moisture, heat, and time—three critical parameters that facilitate the transformation of raw starch into fully gelatinized starch. During the process, steam is introduced to raise the moisture and temperature of the feed mixture, while the material is held under these conditions for a specific period. This ensures the necessary environment for starch gelatinization to occur effectively. After adequate quenching and tempering, the degree of starch gelatinization in the final product increases significantly. Additionally, the hydrothermal action during this stage causes protein denaturation, which improves the digestibility of the feed, making nutrients more accessible to animals.
Understanding and controlling these three elements—moisture, heat, and time—is essential for achieving consistent and high-quality feed pellets. Proper management of the quenching and tempering process not only enhances the physical properties of the feed but also contributes to better nutritional outcomes and improved animal performance.
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