Recently, environmental health scientist Laura Vandenberg and neuroscientist Mary Catanese from the University of Massachusetts Amherst led the team to discover that bisphenol S (BPS) can have a negative impact on the maternal behavior of pregnant mice and their brains. Their research has shown that exposure to low doses of BPS during pregnancy and lactation can cause unexpected changes in the behavior of mice and young rats.
Bisphenol S
Bisphenol S, which is found in baby bottles and personal care products, is a substitute for bisphenol A (BPA) for the synthesis of polycarbonate (PC) and epoxy resins. Among them, polycarbonate is a transparent hard plastic commonly used in the manufacture of bottles for baby bottles. Epoxy resins are often used as metal containers, such as linings for baby milk powder cans.
These plastics are in direct contact with food and their safety has always received much attention. Whether or not the chemical raw materials of these plastic products, including bisphenol A, endanger human health has not been determined. Studies have confirmed that both bisphenol A and bisphenol S belong to endocrine disrupting hormone (also known as environmental hormone), which will disturb the endocrine homeostasis of the body.
BPS affects behavior in pregnant mice: causes death in young rats
Now, Vandenberg and the Catanese team have found that BPS affects the maternal behavior of pregnant mice and has a negative impact on their nervous system. Moreover, this effect is related to factors such as BPS dose, contact time and the like. Maternal behavior refers to a series of behaviors including production, breastfeeding, and prenatal babies and postpartum sputum, aiming to improve the living conditions of their offspring.
The study team randomized pregnant mice into three groups, two of whom were exposed to BPS during pregnancy and lactation (different doses) and the third group was not exposed to BPS (as a blank control). The researchers are responsible for recording maternal behaviors such as nesting and pups care in each group of mice, including: Is the mother of the mouse in the nest? Is it self-cleaning? Is it normal to eat, drink and rest? Is the baby care after birth? They? When the young rats are removed from the nest, will the researchers pick out 2 female pups from each litter, mate with the males who have not been exposed to BPS, and record them in pregnancy? And maternal behavior during lactation. At the same time, the researchers assessed the effects of BPS on the brain by detecting sensitivity to estrogen in specific areas of the brain.
The researchers found a surprising result: when the mother's mother was exposed to low doses of BPS, the incidence of infanticide increased! When exposed to 2 micrograms BPS/kg/day, more than 10% of females would either kill Young rats, either maternal care is missing (causing one or more pups to be euthanized).
In addition to infanticide behavior, the researchers also found that when exposed to high doses of BPS during pregnancy and lactation, the time for the mother to look after the young rats is greatly reduced. At the same time, their time to climb out of the cubs outside the nest will be shortened, which means that the mother of the mouse may be hyperactive and alert. Researchers believe that BPS can cause mothers to adjust their mother behavior to the needs of young rats.
So what is the impact of BPS on the next generation? Studies have shown that female mice born to pregnant mice exposed to BPS spend less time in the nest after pregnancy than the control group. They are also unable to adjust maternal behavior based on the needs of young rats. In general, the discovery of environmental hormones affecting maternal behavior has sociological and public health significance, because from the perspective of evolution, maternal behavior is related to the survival of future generations.
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