After sowing and planting vegetables, in order to meet their growth and development, a large number of top dressings are often required. The amount of topdressing generally accounts for 1/3 or more of the total fertilization amount of the crop during the whole growth period. The advantages and disadvantages of several commonly used topdressing methods are introduced below for reference by vegetable farmers.
First, the application. When watering vegetables, a certain amount of chemical fertilizer is sprinkled in the ditch, dissolved and then infiltrated into the soil around the roots of the crop. This method is wasteful because the fertilizer is easily leaked in the channel, and in the deep soil where the roots of the crop are not reached, some fertilizer is also infiltrated. The advantage is that it is simple to use, saves labor and time, and has a small amount of labor. This method can be used when the fertilizer source is sufficient, the vegetable field is large, and the labor conflict is prominent. In addition, when large areas of vegetables have severe symptoms of fat deficiency, they can be used as the preferred method of topdressing.
Second, appropriation. After the crop is poured out of water or after the rain is suitable for the soil and can be placed in the field, a certain amount of chemical fertilizer is applied to the crop surface or the crop line. This method of fertilization is relatively simple, but there is still a part of the fertilizer will be volatile loss, especially the ammonium bicarbonate is very volatile, this method can not be used. Ammonium sulphate, urea and potassium sulphate can be applied, but only when the field is inconvenient to operate and the crop needs to be fattened and more urgent.
Third, burying. Ditch or dig a pit between crops, between rows, and apply a certain amount of fertilizer to fill the soil. This method is less wasteful and economical, but it is labor-intensive, labor-intensive, and inconvenient to operate. It must be safe to pay when applying. The ditch and pit of the fertilizer should be more than 10 cm from the base of the crop stem. If it is too close to the root, It is easy to damage the root system. Due to the concentration of fertilizer and the high concentration, this method should not be used in the summer when crops are vigorously growing and water is needed, and it cannot be used in the critical period of crop water demand. Generally, in the winter leisure season, when the labor force is sufficient and the amount of crop growth is not large, this method can be used to gradually decompose the buried fertilizer and continuously supply crops. However, in actual production, the peak growth period of crops often requires a large amount of fertilizer and water, so the method of embedding is often adopted at a higher temperature. In order to prevent negative effects, water must be watered after burying to reduce the concentration of fertilizer applied.
Fourth, the facility is being pursued. In recent years, with the development of vegetable production technology in protected areas, the matching drip irrigation technology has been widely applied, and the fertilization method has been on the track of automation. The specific method of using the drip irrigation facility for top dressing is to install the fertilizer applicator at the water source into the drip irrigation main pipe, dissolve the chemical fertilizer in the fertilizer applicator, insert the drip irrigation main pipe into the suction pipe filter of the fertilizer applicator, and the fertilizer can automatically enter the crop root system with the water. In the soil. Due to the mulching film, the fertilizer is almost non-volatile and has no loss. Although the fertilizer applied by this method is concentrated around the root of the crop, the concentration is small, so it is safe, labor-saving and labor-saving, and the effect is good. This is a more scientific and highly promising method of topdressing, only to carry out strict film mulching, and must be equipped with matching drip irrigation and tap water equipment.
Five, root dressing. Top dressing is foliar spray. Cultivation of vegetables in the facility, because the artificially created environment is more convenient to meet the requirements of crops on environmental conditions, vegetables show the characteristics of fast growth, high yield and many results. In addition to paying attention to timely topdressing, the management can also carry out root dressing in combination with spraying several times to supplement the crop with nutrients. This method is a cost-effective fertilization method because the amount of fertilizer is small, the fertilizer efficiency is fast, and the fertilizer is prevented from being fixed by the soil. It can be used in the case of obvious deficiency and root senescence in the late stage of crop growth. In addition to urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, compound fertilizer and other commonly used large amount of elemental fertilizers, many fertilizer manufacturers have developed a large number of elements suitable for foliar application in recent years. Trace elements or fertilizers containing a variety of amino acids have certain effects, such as spray Shibao, plant protection, and farm music. However, it must be noted that the basic nutrients required for the growth and development of vegetables are mainly derived from the base fertilizer and other methods of topdressing fertilizers. The external top dressing can only be used as an auxiliary measure.
First, the application. When watering vegetables, a certain amount of chemical fertilizer is sprinkled in the ditch, dissolved and then infiltrated into the soil around the roots of the crop. This method is wasteful because the fertilizer is easily leaked in the channel, and in the deep soil where the roots of the crop are not reached, some fertilizer is also infiltrated. The advantage is that it is simple to use, saves labor and time, and has a small amount of labor. This method can be used when the fertilizer source is sufficient, the vegetable field is large, and the labor conflict is prominent. In addition, when large areas of vegetables have severe symptoms of fat deficiency, they can be used as the preferred method of topdressing.
Second, appropriation. After the crop is poured out of water or after the rain is suitable for the soil and can be placed in the field, a certain amount of chemical fertilizer is applied to the crop surface or the crop line. This method of fertilization is relatively simple, but there is still a part of the fertilizer will be volatile loss, especially the ammonium bicarbonate is very volatile, this method can not be used. Ammonium sulphate, urea and potassium sulphate can be applied, but only when the field is inconvenient to operate and the crop needs to be fattened and more urgent.
Third, burying. Ditch or dig a pit between crops, between rows, and apply a certain amount of fertilizer to fill the soil. This method is less wasteful and economical, but it is labor-intensive, labor-intensive, and inconvenient to operate. It must be safe to pay when applying. The ditch and pit of the fertilizer should be more than 10 cm from the base of the crop stem. If it is too close to the root, It is easy to damage the root system. Due to the concentration of fertilizer and the high concentration, this method should not be used in the summer when crops are vigorously growing and water is needed, and it cannot be used in the critical period of crop water demand. Generally, in the winter leisure season, when the labor force is sufficient and the amount of crop growth is not large, this method can be used to gradually decompose the buried fertilizer and continuously supply crops. However, in actual production, the peak growth period of crops often requires a large amount of fertilizer and water, so the method of embedding is often adopted at a higher temperature. In order to prevent negative effects, water must be watered after burying to reduce the concentration of fertilizer applied.
Fourth, the facility is being pursued. In recent years, with the development of vegetable production technology in protected areas, the matching drip irrigation technology has been widely applied, and the fertilization method has been on the track of automation. The specific method of using the drip irrigation facility for top dressing is to install the fertilizer applicator at the water source into the drip irrigation main pipe, dissolve the chemical fertilizer in the fertilizer applicator, insert the drip irrigation main pipe into the suction pipe filter of the fertilizer applicator, and the fertilizer can automatically enter the crop root system with the water. In the soil. Due to the mulching film, the fertilizer is almost non-volatile and has no loss. Although the fertilizer applied by this method is concentrated around the root of the crop, the concentration is small, so it is safe, labor-saving and labor-saving, and the effect is good. This is a more scientific and highly promising method of topdressing, only to carry out strict film mulching, and must be equipped with matching drip irrigation and tap water equipment.
Five, root dressing. Top dressing is foliar spray. Cultivation of vegetables in the facility, because the artificially created environment is more convenient to meet the requirements of crops on environmental conditions, vegetables show the characteristics of fast growth, high yield and many results. In addition to paying attention to timely topdressing, the management can also carry out root dressing in combination with spraying several times to supplement the crop with nutrients. This method is a cost-effective fertilization method because the amount of fertilizer is small, the fertilizer efficiency is fast, and the fertilizer is prevented from being fixed by the soil. It can be used in the case of obvious deficiency and root senescence in the late stage of crop growth. In addition to urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, compound fertilizer and other commonly used large amount of elemental fertilizers, many fertilizer manufacturers have developed a large number of elements suitable for foliar application in recent years. Trace elements or fertilizers containing a variety of amino acids have certain effects, such as spray Shibao, plant protection, and farm music. However, it must be noted that the basic nutrients required for the growth and development of vegetables are mainly derived from the base fertilizer and other methods of topdressing fertilizers. The external top dressing can only be used as an auxiliary measure.
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