There are many types of rape pests, mainly aphids, stem beetles, small cabbages, cabbage butterflies, leaf miners and fleas. In recent years, the aphids, stems, and diamondback moths are particularly harmful, which seriously affects the yield and quality of rapeseed. The current rapeseed pests and their control are summarized as follows:
First, the damage characteristics Aphids generally use their adult and nymphs to accumulate in the leaves, heart leaves and inflorescences of rapeseed, so that the leaves of the rapeseed can turn yellow, curl and even fall off, and also spread viral diseases, causing fusiform disease in stems and branches. Spots, tender stems, young fruit deformity, poor seed maturity, seriously affect the yield and quality of rapeseed.
2. The stem is like a larva, and the larvae are swollen and stalked to form a medulla, which causes the plant to be deformed, has poor lodging resistance, is easy to fold, and does not convulsion or even die when severe.
3. The newly hatched larvae of Plutella xylostella can feed the leaf tissue in the human leaf tissue. After 2 years old, the foraging leaves leave a layer of epidermis. The 3rd and 4th instar larvae eat the leaves into holes and nicks. In severe cases, the leaves are eaten into a net shape. Rapeseed poses a great threat.
4. The first-instar larvae of the cabbage butterfly feed on the mesophyll, forming transparent pores. After 2 years of age, they are scattered and harmed. The leaves are eaten into a net or nick. In severe cases, the whole leaves are eaten, leaving only the petiole and the main vein. However, the old larvae are 3-4 cm long and 3-4 times larger than the diamondback moth.
5. The leaf miner often uses the larvae to sneak into the mesophyll to form a gray-white curved stalk, which seriously affects the photosynthesis of rape.
6. The armor feeds the leaves with adults, forming holes and damaging the tender fruit, while the larvae eat the root bark, which affects the growth of the roots and the absorption of water nutrients.
Second, the law of damage 1. During the damage period, the locusts, the diamondback moth and the jumping armor can be harmed during the whole growth period of the rapeseed. The wintering adults of the stems are generally unearthed from late February to mid-March, and are harmful in the rape buds. The cabbage butterfly is mainly in the rape seedlings. The period of time is harmful, the leaf miner is mainly harmful in the middle and late growth of rapeseed.
2. The pest state of the damage period: the jumper mainly feeds the leaves with adults, while the other pests mainly damage the rape plants with larvae.
3. Breeding is fast, the number is large, and some pests alternate with each other for generations. Among them, when the temperature is high, the aphids can breed for 1 generation from 5 to 6 days. The number of larvae can be as high as 30, and the average number of eggs per year is 120, and the maximum number of eggs can be more than 500. It occurs several generations to a dozen generations, and the number of breeding is large. The jumping armor and the leaf miner can occur several generations. Among them, the wintering armor can lay 500-600 eggs, and the leaf fly can lay 40-90 eggs in one lifetime.
4. Concealed and escaped. The larvae of the stem-like armor and the leaf-flying fly are harmful inside the plant. The adults of the jumping armor often hide in the roots and soil of the rapeseed, while the larvae of the diamondback moth and the cabbage butterfly and the adult larvae have pseudo-death, which will prevent the work. It brings great difficulties.
Third, comprehensive prevention According to the characteristics and laws of rape pests, seize the key period of prevention and control, targeted, to achieve the effect of "early prevention, prevention, prevention, prevention, prevention", to ensure that rapeseed increase production and income.
1. The key period of prevention and control of various insects: the jumping armor and the stem elephant weevil (especially the stem weevil) must seize the adult unearthing activity period to eliminate before the spawning, generally in the middle and late March of March, the local time and climate differences are timely Prevention and treatment. The cabbage butterfly should be well-prevented in the rapeseed seedling stage. Before and after the rape flowering period, the aphids and the leaf miner change according to the insect condition, and pay attention to prevention and control in March and April.
2. Agricultural control: Agricultural control should be done "three early" to reduce the base of insects. (1) Clear the weeds in the field and the dead, sick and old leaves of rapeseed in the spring, and concentrate or burn them in order to eliminate the overwintering insect source. (2) Early infusion of green bud water in a timely manner can cause some wintering pests to be killed by mud or water flooding, especially for the control of jumping armor, stem weevil and aphids. (3) Early cultivating and topdressing, in order to achieve the purpose of warming, protecting, weeding and eliminating the source of insects, promoting the early growth and stability of rapeseed and enhancing the resistance, but the cultivating should not be deep, in order to prevent the root system from being cut.
3. Chemical control: chemical control must be timely and appropriate, scientifically used, while paying attention to the alternate application of each drug to reduce pest resistance and improve the effect of medication. (1) Spray: use permethrin (40% omethoate EC20 plus 20% chlorpyrifos) and harvest pyrethroid (40% monocrotophos) per 667 square meters during the initial and prosperous period of pests. 2.5% enemy kills the emulsifiable concentrate) or eliminates the sweeping 2000 times liquid 50kg spray, exerting its three functions of stomach poisoning, contact killing and internal absorption, and has good control effect on various pests. The use of avermectins (AVMs) and other drugs in Plutella xylostella is more effective. (2) dusting: use 1.5% of dimethoate or 2.5% trichlorfon powder to spray 2kg per 667 square meters to control aphids, stems and armor. (3) trapping: use 3% brown sugar water, add 0.5% trichlorfon to make venom, spray in the field, trap the adult leaf miner; use the small dish live female in the nylon net hanging in the field Under the water, 1cm is placed in a basin or venom to trap the adult worm. (4) Tucing: For the stems, if the prevention and treatment of the stems are not timely or the effect is not good, the adults have laid eggs in the stem pulp or larvae have hatched in the stem pulp, and can be rapeseed oil or waste motor oil and monocrotophos or oxidation If you mix by 3:17. Applying cotton ball sputum solution to the stem below the spawning hole, the effect is excellent.
4. Physical control: trapping winged aphids with yellow plates coated with petrolatum or waste engine oil; trapping Plutella xylostella adults with black light or frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps.
5. Biological control: use acaricidal bacteria, green worm or Bt emulsion, or cultivate and use natural enemies such as parasitic wasps to control aphids, diamondback moths, cabbage butterflies and leaf miners.
First, the damage characteristics Aphids generally use their adult and nymphs to accumulate in the leaves, heart leaves and inflorescences of rapeseed, so that the leaves of the rapeseed can turn yellow, curl and even fall off, and also spread viral diseases, causing fusiform disease in stems and branches. Spots, tender stems, young fruit deformity, poor seed maturity, seriously affect the yield and quality of rapeseed.
2. The stem is like a larva, and the larvae are swollen and stalked to form a medulla, which causes the plant to be deformed, has poor lodging resistance, is easy to fold, and does not convulsion or even die when severe.
3. The newly hatched larvae of Plutella xylostella can feed the leaf tissue in the human leaf tissue. After 2 years old, the foraging leaves leave a layer of epidermis. The 3rd and 4th instar larvae eat the leaves into holes and nicks. In severe cases, the leaves are eaten into a net shape. Rapeseed poses a great threat.
4. The first-instar larvae of the cabbage butterfly feed on the mesophyll, forming transparent pores. After 2 years of age, they are scattered and harmed. The leaves are eaten into a net or nick. In severe cases, the whole leaves are eaten, leaving only the petiole and the main vein. However, the old larvae are 3-4 cm long and 3-4 times larger than the diamondback moth.
5. The leaf miner often uses the larvae to sneak into the mesophyll to form a gray-white curved stalk, which seriously affects the photosynthesis of rape.
6. The armor feeds the leaves with adults, forming holes and damaging the tender fruit, while the larvae eat the root bark, which affects the growth of the roots and the absorption of water nutrients.
Second, the law of damage 1. During the damage period, the locusts, the diamondback moth and the jumping armor can be harmed during the whole growth period of the rapeseed. The wintering adults of the stems are generally unearthed from late February to mid-March, and are harmful in the rape buds. The cabbage butterfly is mainly in the rape seedlings. The period of time is harmful, the leaf miner is mainly harmful in the middle and late growth of rapeseed.
2. The pest state of the damage period: the jumper mainly feeds the leaves with adults, while the other pests mainly damage the rape plants with larvae.
3. Breeding is fast, the number is large, and some pests alternate with each other for generations. Among them, when the temperature is high, the aphids can breed for 1 generation from 5 to 6 days. The number of larvae can be as high as 30, and the average number of eggs per year is 120, and the maximum number of eggs can be more than 500. It occurs several generations to a dozen generations, and the number of breeding is large. The jumping armor and the leaf miner can occur several generations. Among them, the wintering armor can lay 500-600 eggs, and the leaf fly can lay 40-90 eggs in one lifetime.
4. Concealed and escaped. The larvae of the stem-like armor and the leaf-flying fly are harmful inside the plant. The adults of the jumping armor often hide in the roots and soil of the rapeseed, while the larvae of the diamondback moth and the cabbage butterfly and the adult larvae have pseudo-death, which will prevent the work. It brings great difficulties.
Third, comprehensive prevention According to the characteristics and laws of rape pests, seize the key period of prevention and control, targeted, to achieve the effect of "early prevention, prevention, prevention, prevention, prevention", to ensure that rapeseed increase production and income.
1. The key period of prevention and control of various insects: the jumping armor and the stem elephant weevil (especially the stem weevil) must seize the adult unearthing activity period to eliminate before the spawning, generally in the middle and late March of March, the local time and climate differences are timely Prevention and treatment. The cabbage butterfly should be well-prevented in the rapeseed seedling stage. Before and after the rape flowering period, the aphids and the leaf miner change according to the insect condition, and pay attention to prevention and control in March and April.
2. Agricultural control: Agricultural control should be done "three early" to reduce the base of insects. (1) Clear the weeds in the field and the dead, sick and old leaves of rapeseed in the spring, and concentrate or burn them in order to eliminate the overwintering insect source. (2) Early infusion of green bud water in a timely manner can cause some wintering pests to be killed by mud or water flooding, especially for the control of jumping armor, stem weevil and aphids. (3) Early cultivating and topdressing, in order to achieve the purpose of warming, protecting, weeding and eliminating the source of insects, promoting the early growth and stability of rapeseed and enhancing the resistance, but the cultivating should not be deep, in order to prevent the root system from being cut.
3. Chemical control: chemical control must be timely and appropriate, scientifically used, while paying attention to the alternate application of each drug to reduce pest resistance and improve the effect of medication. (1) Spray: use permethrin (40% omethoate EC20 plus 20% chlorpyrifos) and harvest pyrethroid (40% monocrotophos) per 667 square meters during the initial and prosperous period of pests. 2.5% enemy kills the emulsifiable concentrate) or eliminates the sweeping 2000 times liquid 50kg spray, exerting its three functions of stomach poisoning, contact killing and internal absorption, and has good control effect on various pests. The use of avermectins (AVMs) and other drugs in Plutella xylostella is more effective. (2) dusting: use 1.5% of dimethoate or 2.5% trichlorfon powder to spray 2kg per 667 square meters to control aphids, stems and armor. (3) trapping: use 3% brown sugar water, add 0.5% trichlorfon to make venom, spray in the field, trap the adult leaf miner; use the small dish live female in the nylon net hanging in the field Under the water, 1cm is placed in a basin or venom to trap the adult worm. (4) Tucing: For the stems, if the prevention and treatment of the stems are not timely or the effect is not good, the adults have laid eggs in the stem pulp or larvae have hatched in the stem pulp, and can be rapeseed oil or waste motor oil and monocrotophos or oxidation If you mix by 3:17. Applying cotton ball sputum solution to the stem below the spawning hole, the effect is excellent.
4. Physical control: trapping winged aphids with yellow plates coated with petrolatum or waste engine oil; trapping Plutella xylostella adults with black light or frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps.
5. Biological control: use acaricidal bacteria, green worm or Bt emulsion, or cultivate and use natural enemies such as parasitic wasps to control aphids, diamondback moths, cabbage butterflies and leaf miners.
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